污泥生物炭催化高级氧化过程进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1658

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为废水处理过程的副产物，污泥的高效处理处置是环保领域的难题之一。通过高温热解将污泥转化为生物炭是一种有效的污泥资源化途径。污泥生物炭不仅可作为“吸附剂”吸附去除水体中污染物，还可作为新型“催化剂”高效催化高级氧化过程以降解水体中的有机污染物。本文综述了近些年来国内外关于污泥生物炭在高级氧化技术领域尤其是催化过硫酸盐（PS）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、臭氧（O₃）以及光催化等氧化过程降解有机污染物的研究进展。通过探讨污泥生物炭的表面官能团、掺杂改性杂原子、负载过渡金属及其氧化物以及与其他技术耦合催化降解有机污染物的研究现状，进一步揭示污泥生物炭催化作用的关键活性位点以及催化机理。最后提出该领域目前面临的主要问题及未来发展方向，为污泥生物炭进一步实现高附加值资源化利用提供重要参考。

关键词: 催化, 催化剂活化, 氧化, 有机化合物

Abstract:

As a by-product of the wastewater treatment process, the efficient treatment and disposal of activated sludge are one of the difficult problems in the field of environmental protection. The conversion of activated sludge into biochar through high-temperature pyrolysis is an effective way. Sludge biochar can be used as an adsorbent to remove pollutants, meanwhile, it is a novel catalyst, which can efficiently catalyze advanced oxidation process to degrade organic pollutants in water. In this paper, the research progress on the degradation of organic pollutants by sludge biochar in the field of advanced oxidation technology was reviewed, especially in the catalytic process of persulfate (PS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), ozone (O₃), and photocatalysis. The key active sites and catalytic mechanisms of sludge biochar were revealed by the discussion of the surface functional groups, doping modified heteroatoms, loading transition metals and their oxides, and coupling with other technologies for the degradation of organic pollutants. Finally, the main problems and future development direction in this field are put forward, which provides an important reference for further realizing high value-added resource utilization of sludge biochar.

Key words: catalysis, catalyst activation, oxidation, organic compound

中图分类号:

赵迎新, 麻泽浩, 杨知凡, 杨凯超, 邱潇洁. 污泥生物炭催化高级氧化过程进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(7): 3984-3994.

ZHAO Yingxin, MA Zehao, YANG Zhifan, YANG Kaichao, QIU Xiaojie. Progress of advanced oxidation process catalyzed by sludge biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(7): 3984-3994.

图/表 4

图1 污泥生物炭“催化剂”活化PMS/PDS的机理示意图

表1 掺杂改性污泥生物炭活化PS降解污染物类型

生物炭	掺杂改性	活性位点	PS类型	活性氧（ROS）	效果	参考文献
NSC	尿素污泥共热解	—C＝O，吡啶氮，石墨氮	PMS	¹O₂， $S O 4 -$ ·，·OH	30min完全去除AO7	Sun等^［50］
MnFe₂O₄-SAC	MnFe₂O₄负载	—OH，—COOH，Mn，Fe	PDS	$S O 4 -$ ·	橙黄G去除率达94%	Li等^［51］
Fe-ADSBC	二硫酸铁/零价铁	FeO，C—O—Fe	PDS	$S O 4 -$ ·，·OH	60min降解94.1%SMT	Chen等^［52］
Mn-SDBC	氧化锰负载	Fe，Mn	PDS	$S O 4 -$ ·，·OH	90.38%橙黄G去除率	Fan等^［53］
生物炭复合催化剂	Mg/Fe层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）	Fe，Mg	PMS	·OH，·OOH和¹O₂	92.2%泰乐菌，81.9%罗丹明B	Huang等^［54］
ASMn-Nb	MnCl₂掺杂，氨热解	N-炭，MnO_x，氧缺陷，羰基	PDS，PMS	$S O 4 -$ ·，·OH和¹O₂	40min去除100%酸性橙	Mian等^［55］
MS-biochar	氮掺杂	Fe_xO_y、N和石墨C	PDS	SO₄^-·，·OH	82.24%四环素去除率	Yu等^［33］

表1 掺杂改性污泥生物炭活化PS降解污染物类型

生物炭	掺杂改性	活性位点	PS类型	活性氧（ROS）	效果	参考文献
NSC	尿素污泥共热解	—C＝O，吡啶氮，石墨氮	PMS	¹O₂， $S O 4 -$ ·，·OH	30min完全去除AO7	Sun等^［50］
MnFe₂O₄-SAC	MnFe₂O₄负载	—OH，—COOH，Mn，Fe	PDS	$S O 4 -$ ·	橙黄G去除率达94%	Li等^［51］
Fe-ADSBC	二硫酸铁/零价铁	FeO，C—O—Fe	PDS	$S O 4 -$ ·，·OH	60min降解94.1%SMT	Chen等^［52］
Mn-SDBC	氧化锰负载	Fe，Mn	PDS	$S O 4 -$ ·，·OH	90.38%橙黄G去除率	Fan等^［53］
生物炭复合催化剂	Mg/Fe层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）	Fe，Mg	PMS	·OH，·OOH和¹O₂	92.2%泰乐菌，81.9%罗丹明B	Huang等^［54］
ASMn-Nb	MnCl₂掺杂，氨热解	N-炭，MnO_x，氧缺陷，羰基	PDS，PMS	$S O 4 -$ ·，·OH和¹O₂	40min去除100%酸性橙	Mian等^［55］
MS-biochar	氮掺杂	Fe_xO_y、N和石墨C	PDS	SO₄^-·，·OH	82.24%四环素去除率	Yu等^［33］

图2 磁性多孔污泥炭催化PDS降解四环素的机理图[56]

图3 污泥生物炭“催化剂”活化PS/H2O2/O3/光催化的机理过程

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