表面活性剂稳定乳化油水体系的膜分离研究进展

周发; 曹丽霞; 方毅; 薛琮; 张建美; 赵胜勇; 李艳香

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-1190

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表面活性剂稳定乳化油水体系的膜分离研究进展

化工过程与装备 | 更新时间：2026-08-10

- 表面活性剂稳定乳化油水体系的膜分离研究进展
- Advances in membrane separation of surfactant-stabilized emulsified oil-water systems
- 化工进展 2026年45卷第7期页码：3851-3863
- 作者机构：
  
  1.长江大学资源与环境学院，湖北武汉 430100
  2.中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京 100190
  3.中国科学院大学，北京 100190
  4.临邑奥邑智能装备有限公司，山东德州 251500
  5.河南省化工研究所有限责任公司，河南郑州 450052
- 作者简介：
  
  周发（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为油水分离材料。E-mail：zzz946832@163.com。
  赵胜勇，正高级工程师，硕士生导师，研究方向为工业废水吸附分离。E-mail：hnnyxxkj@126.com。
  李艳香，副研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为油水分离材料。E-mail：yxli@ipe.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  煤炭重大专项(2025ZD1701400);河南省杰出外籍科学家工作室项目(GZS2024023);河南省科技研发联合基金重点项目(235200810021)
- DOI：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-1190
  中图分类号： TQ028.8
- 收稿：2025-08-19，
  
  修回：2025-10-23，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-25
- 稿件说明：
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周发, 曹丽霞, 方毅, 等. 表面活性剂稳定乳化油水体系的膜分离研究研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2026, 45(7): 3851-3863.

ZHOU Fa, CAO Lixia, FANG Yi, et al. Advances in membrane separation of surfactant-stabilized emulsified oil-water systems[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2026, 45(7): 3851-3863.
周发, 曹丽霞, 方毅, 等. 表面活性剂稳定乳化油水体系的膜分离研究研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2026, 45(7): 3851-3863. DOI： 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-1190.

ZHOU Fa, CAO Lixia, FANG Yi, et al. Advances in membrane separation of surfactant-stabilized emulsified oil-water systems[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2026, 45(7): 3851-3863. DOI： 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-1190.

摘要

含油废水常因表面活性剂的存在而形成稳定的乳化体系，分离难度大。膜分离技术以其高效、环保的优势成为应对该挑战的研究热点。本文聚焦表面活性剂稳定的油水乳化体系，重点阐述其分离方法和分离机理，并系统评述了当前重点研究的分离膜材料的进展，包括超疏水-水下超亲油膜、超亲水-水下超疏油膜、液下超双疏膜、智能响应膜和Janus膜等。表面活性剂会显著降低油水界面张力，将油分散成非常细小且高度稳定的油滴。表面活性剂分子会通过疏水作用、静电作用或氢键直接吸附在膜材料表面，当达到一定浓度后沉积在膜表面，直接导致或加剧膜污染。在膜过滤过程中，被截留的物质在膜表面浓度会升高，形成浓差极化层，表面活性剂会在浓差极化层中高度富集，其浓度可能远高于本体溶液中的浓度，进一步加剧了膜污染。未来研究需要针对性地设计并开发具有优异表面活性剂耐受性的新型膜材料。

Abstract

Oily wastewater often forms stable emulsions due to the presence of surfactants

making its separation challenging. Membrane separation technology has emerged as a research hotspot for addressing this challenge owing to its high efficiency and environmental benefits. This review focused on surfactant-stabilized oil-water emulsions

elucidating their separation mechanisms and separation methods. The recent advances in key membrane materials including superhydrophobic-underwater superoleophilic membranes

superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic membranes

under-liquid superamphiphobic membranes

stimuli-responsive membranes and Janus membranes were reviewed. Surfactants significantly reduced the oil-water interfacial tension

dispersing oil into fine and highly stable droplets. Surfactant molecules could directly adsorb onto the membrane material surface through hydrophobic interactions

electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding. When reaching a certain concentration

they deposited on the membrane surface

directly causing or exacerbating membrane fouling. During membrane filtration

retained substances accumulated at the membrane surface

forming a concentration polarization layer. Surfactants became highly enriched within this polarization layer

reaching concentrations potentially far exceeding those in the bulk solution

thereby further aggravating membrane fouling. Future research necessitated the targeted design and development of novel membrane materials with superior surfactant tolerance.

关键词

Keywords

references

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