最新刊期
- 摘要：A three-step coupled simulated moving bed process was constructed for the separation of active components from licorice. By introducing a three-step coupling strategy involving circulation, elution, and feeding into the conventional simulated moving bed process, the continuous separation of glycyrrhizic acid from the weakly adsorbed mixed components composed of liquiritin and liquiritigenin, as well as the enrichment of glycyrrhizic acid, was achieved. While retaining the characteristics of continuous countercurrent separation, this process improved operational flexibility and showed good intensification effects in terms of separation efficiency, solvent utilization, and stationary phase utilization. Based on previously obtained adsorption and kinetic parameters, a mathematical model of the three-step coupled simulated moving bed was established by integrating the transport-dispersive model with the adsorption model, and the model was validated by experimental results. The results showed good agreement between the simulated and experimental values, with purity deviations between experiment and simulation of less than 1.07%, indicating that the established model could accurately describe the separation behavior of glycyrrhizic acid and the weakly adsorbed mixed components. On this basis, separation experiments were carried out using the three-step coupled simulated moving bed under operating conditions designed by the triangle theory. The highest purity of glycyrrhizic acid reached 98.75%, with a recovery of 81.40%. Furthermore, multi-objective optimization was performed using a non-dominated genetic algorithm to systematically investigate the coupling relationships and trade-off patterns among purity, unit throughput, yield, and solvent consumption. The multi-objective optimization results indicated that the purity of glycyrrhizic acid could theoretically be further increased to approximately 99.8%, with a recovery of 89.91%. Further analysis showed that improving product purity, unit throughput, or target-component yield generally required increased solvent consumption. The system mainly achieved trade-offs among different objectives by adjusting the flow-rate ratios and operation times of each stage, among which the duration of the elution stage had a particularly significant effect on separation performance and solvent consumption. This study demonstrates that the three-step coupled simulated moving bed can effectively amplify the adsorption difference between glycyrrhizic acid and the weakly adsorbed mixed components, showing good process intensification potential for the continuous separation and enrichment of glycyrrhizic acid, and providing theoretical support and a data basis for the development of green separation processes for natural products and the optimization of related equipment.关键词：three-step coupled simulated moving bed;process intensification;active components of licorice;multi-objective optimization2|0|0更新时间：2026-07-15
- 摘要：Micro-nano bubbles (MNBs), as an emerging process intensification technology, have demonstrated significant advantages in overcoming mass transfer limitations in conventional chemical processes due to their high specific interfacial area, prolonged residence time, and unique interfacial effects. This review systematically summarized the mechanisms and application progress of MNBs in multiphase mass transfer intensification. First, from the perspectives of bubble generation, dynamic evolution, and stability, the differences in hydrodynamic behavior, interfacial characteristics, and mass transfer performance among bubbles of different scales were analyzed. The intrinsic mechanisms by which MNBs enhanced gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid mass transfer through interfacial area expansion, microscale disturbances, and interfacial activation were elucidated. Subsequently, representative applications of MNBs in gas–liquid reactions, separation and purification, carbon neutrality-related processes, and biochemical engineering were reviewed, highlighting their roles in improving mass transfer efficiency. In addition, the interfacial transport behaviors and process intensification mechanisms of MNBs in complex multiphase systems were further discussed. Finally, in view of the current challenges associated with mechanistic understanding, model development, large-scale generation, and process integration, future research directions were proposed, including multiscale theoretical investigations, development of high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption equipment, and intelligent process regulation. Overall, MNBs provide important technical support and promising potential for the development of efficient and green chemical processes.关键词：micro-nanobubbles;mass transfer;gas-liquid reactions;CO2 capture;biochemical engineering2|0|0更新时间：2026-07-15
- 摘要：The step grate furnace is critical equipment for achieving high-proportion utilization of large-size, hard-to-burn alternative fuels in the cement industry. However, alternative fuels exhibit significant differences in physical and chemical properties, and the flow-transport-reaction processes inside the furnace feature multi-scale coupling characteristics, making it difficult to support the optimization and regulation of the furnace solely through experiments. To address this issue, an intra-particle transport based Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics (CPFD) method was established by coupling an intra-particle heat transfer based pyrolysis model for alternative fuels and intra-particle mass transfer based calcium carbonate (CaCO3) decomposition model. On this basis, the combustion processes of five typical alternative fuels in the step grate furnace, namely coal slime, waste textiles, waste rubber, furfural residue and cattle manure, were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the intra-particle heat transfer process exerted a significant influence on the combustion behavior of alternative fuels, and the CPFD simulation results incorporating intra-particle transport processes were in better agreement with actual engineering practice. Meanwhile, coal slime and furfural residue, with smaller particle sizes, showed rapid temperature rise, corresponding to a higher temperature level and CaCO3 decomposition degree (15.31%). Although waste textiles and waste rubber had identical particle sizes, their distinct combustion characteristics led to remarkable discrepancies in the temperature field and species distribution. Cattle manure, with the largest particle size and high moisture content, featured slow temperature rise, along with the lowest burnout rate and CaCO3 decomposition degree. Furthermore, the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) from the step grate furnace were mainly attributed to fuel-bound nitrogen (fuel-N), whose emission level was closely correlated with the nitrogen content of the feed fuel.关键词：step grate furnace;alternative fuel;CPFD;intra-particle transport;combustion characteristics4|0|0更新时间：2026-07-15
- 摘要：Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction for the production of neutral hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) offers several advantages including mild reaction conditions, on-demand production, facile integration with renewable electricity, and suitability for on-site applications. It is therefore an important direction for developing decentralized H2O2 production technologies. However, neutral systems still face challenges such as sluggish reaction kinetics, limited product purity and concentration, insufficient long-term electrode stability and difficulties in reactor scale-up. This review summarized recent progress in neutral H2O2 electrosynthesis with emphasis on catalysts, electrode structures, electrolyte/membrane environments and operating parameters in neutral-electrolyte flow cells, solid-electrolyte flow cells and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) reactors. In terms of catalysts, this review discussed the design strategies of heteroatom-doped carbon materials, noble metals and their alloys, metal oxides, single-atom catalysts and molecular metal-center catalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR), and analyzed the effects of active-site electronic structure, *OOH adsorption strength, local pH, and interfacial wettability on H2O2 selectivity. In terms of reactors, this review examined the influence of gas diffusion electrodes, ion-exchange membranes, solid electrolytes, flow-field structures and electrolyte recirculation modes on H2O2 yield, concentration, purity and stability. Future research on neutral H2O2 electrosynthesis should focus on the synergistic optimization of catalysts, electrodes, electrolytes/membranes and reactors, aiming toward high yield, high concentration, high stability and scalable applications.关键词：hydrogen peroxide;electrochemistry;electrocatalytic oxygen reduction;neutral systems;gas diffusion electrode;flow cell;MEA reactor3|0|0更新时间：2026-07-14
- 摘要：Quinones are a class of organic molecules containing conjugated carbonyl groups that store and release charge via reversible two-electron redox of the carbonyl groups coupled with protons or metal ions. Compared with conventional inorganic electrode materials, quinones offer abundant feedstock sources, tunable molecular structures, environmental friendliness and high theoretical capacity, showing considerable application potential in energy storage systems such as metal-ion batteries and redox flow batteries. However, quinone-based materials still face challenges in practical use, including dissolution of active molecules, low intrinsic conductivity, insufficient stability of intermediates and crossover through the membrane, which hinder their engineering application process. To address these issues, developing high-performance, long-life quinone-based energy storage systems has become an important direction in organic electrode material research. This review first introduced the molecular structural features and electrochemical energy storage principles of quinones, and clarified the differences in their storage mechanisms between metal-ion batteries and redox flow batteries. It then surveyed the current status of quinone active molecules in lithium-, sodium-, potassium- and zinc-ion batteries as well as in redox flow batteries. Based on this, it summarized the design strategies and research progress of small molecule quinones, polymeric quinones, quinone-based organic frameworks and composite quinone material systems. This paper summarized the key technical challenges and limiting factors of quinones in metal-ion and flow batteries and proposed targeted improvement suggestions. Finally, it provided a preliminary discussion of future research directions, suggesting that continued advancements in molecular engineering and structure-activity relationship studies, high-throughput computing and machine learning-assisted molecular design, green large-scale synthesis, and engineering verification would help quinone energy storage materials gradually move towards engineering and industrial applications.关键词：quinone;organic electrode;energy storage;electrochemistry;metal-ion batteries;flow batteries5|0|0更新时间：2026-07-14
- 摘要：Gas-phase propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide (PO) represents a pivotal reaction in chemical industry, and the long-term stability as well as high-performance of Au/TS-1 catalysts is crucial for their industrial implementation. This study systematically investigates the deactivation behavior of an Au/TS-1 catalyst during a 500-h gas-phase propylene epoxidation reaction and elucidates the underlying deactivation mechanism through comprehensive characterization techniques. The results indicate that after the test, propylene conversion decreased from the initial 8.8% to 3.4%, while PO selectivity declined from 88% to 83%. XRD, FTIR, and UV-vis characterizations confirmed that the MFI framework structure of the TS-1 zeolite and the tetrahedrally coordinated framework Ti active species remain intact. HAADF-STEM and XPS analyses revealed that no significant aggregation of Au nanoparticles occurred and their chemical state (Au0) remains unchanged. ICP analysis further excluded the leaching of active metal species (Au and Ti). However, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms demonstrated a pronounced decrease in both micropore surface area and micropore volume of the used catalyst. Combined with TG-MS analysis, it is determined that carbonaceous deposits on the catalyst surface are the primary cause of activity decline. This study clarifies the deactivation pathway of Au/TS-1 catalysts in propylene epoxidation, providing a theoretical basis for the future design of catalyst structures aiming at suppressing coke formation and prolonging catalyst lifetime.关键词：catalyst;propylene epoxidation;stability;deactivation;coke deposition4|0|0更新时间：2026-07-14
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Experimental investigation on enhanced boiling heat transfer over composite heterogeneous surfaces AI导读
摘要：In the process of pool boiling heat transfer enhancement, there is often a coupled constraint between bubble nucleation enhancement and liquid replenishment. Typically, a single surface structure or mere flow disturbance limits the boiling heat transfer performance. To address this, a novel composite heterogeneous surface structure is proposed to investigate the enhanced pool boiling heat transfer process under both non-disturbance and transverse jet disturbance conditions. The results indicate that under transverse jet conditions, the composite heterogeneous surface leads to a reduction in bubble size and an increase in detachment frequency. Under the non-jet disturbance condition, compared with the smooth surface and the grooved surface, the composite heterogeneous surface reduces the average wall superheat by 30.1% and 14.6%, respectively, and increases the average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) by approximately 45.2% and 16.6%. Under transverse jet disturbance (at a flow rate of 1000mL/min), the HTC of the composite heterogeneous surface is improved by approximately 40% compared to the smooth surface when the heat flux reaches about 9×104W/m2.Under transverse jet disturbance, a significant synergistic enhancement effect is formed between the composite heterogeneous structure and the jet disturbance: the composite surface provides dense and stable vaporization cores, while the jet disturbance enhances liquid renewal and bubble detachment, thereby achieving synergistic regulation in key stages such as bubble generation, detachment, and liquid replenishment. This synergistic mechanism not only effectively reduces the boiling incipient superheat but also significantly improves the heat transfer coefficient and enhances the stability of the boiling process.关键词：composite heterogeneous surface;pool boiling;jet impact;enhanced heat transfer;bubble dynamic2|0|0更新时间：2026-07-14 - 摘要：Co-catalytic cracking of bio-oil and petroleum fractions can introduce renewable carbon into existing fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) systems and represents an important potential pathway for the low-carbon transition of refineries. Existing studies have preliminarily demonstrated the technical feasibility of this process, but the understanding of feedstock compatibility, oxygen-removal pathways, biocarbon distribution, coke evolution, and industrial adaptability remains fragmented. This review summarizes the feedstock characteristics, reaction networks, catalyst functions, coke evolution, and industrial adaptability of this process. The summarized results indicate that the high oxygen content, strong polarity, and low stability of bio-oil make it prone to dehydration, decarbonylation, decarboxylation, condensation, and coke formation under FCC conditions, whereas petroleum fractions can regulate the conversion pathways of oxygenated compounds through cracking intermediates and hydrogen-transfer reactions. During co-processing, oxygen removal in the form of H2O is favorable for retaining biocarbon in liquid products such as gasoline and diesel, while CO, CO2, and coke formation lead to biocarbon loss. Suitable operating conditions, moderate feedstock pretreatment, and catalysts with appropriate acidity and pore structures are beneficial for biocarbon retention and the suppression of coke-induced deactivation. Future studies should combine biocarbon tracing, coke characterization, and pilot-scale evaluation to establish a feedstock-catalyst-process collaborative optimization framework for industrial applications.关键词：bio-oil;petroleum;co-catalytic cracking;hydrogen-transfer deoxygenation;catalyst;deactivation3|0|0更新时间：2026-07-13
- 摘要：The carboxylation of potassium phenoxide suffers from concentrated initial heat release, large temperature fluctuations, and unstable para-selectivity. In this study, the effects of carboxylation temperature and subsequent high‑temperature conversion on the reaction performance were investigated by combining thermodynamic analysis with experiments. Apparent equilibrium constants were corrected using data from apparent equilibrium experiments at 190 ℃ and 220 ℃ under 0.55 MPa. After three carboxylation–dephenolization cycles at 220 ℃ and 0.55 MPa, the apparent conversion of potassium phenoxide exceeded 98% and the para-selectivity reached 99.5%. When the carboxylation product obtained at 160 ℃ was further heated at 220 ℃ for 30 min under N₂, its para-selectivity rose from 77.3% to 99.5%. Based on these findings, a staged temperature‑control strategy was proposed: low‑temperature carboxylation at 190 ℃ followed by high‑temperature conversion at 220 ℃. After only two such cycles, the apparent conversion reached 95.0% with a para-selectivity of 99.5%, while the temperature fluctuation in the first stage was reduced from 49 ℃ to 25 ℃. This work provides a reference for thermal management optimization and subsequent scale-up studies of the potassium phenoxide carboxylation process.关键词：potassium phenoxide;carboxylation;staged temperature control;para-selectivity;thermodynamic analysis3|0|0更新时间：2026-07-13
- 摘要：Directly utilizing flue gas through electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction can avoid the energy-intensive processes of carbon capture and purification, offering a promising route toward efficient carbon resource conversion. However, the impurities present in the flue gas (e.g., O2, SOx, NOx), along with heavy metal ions, organic residues in the electrolyte, and reaction intermediates can poison the catalysts, severely hindering their practical application. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in developing anti-poisoning catalysts for CO2 electroreduction. Firstly, the nature of catalyst poisoning is elucidated, and the deactivation mechanisms of typical poisoners are discussed separately for gas-phase impurities and electrolyte-derived poisoners. Secondly, various design strategies for enhancing the anti-poisoning capability of catalysts are reviewed, including the strengthening of intrinsic anti-poisoning properties and the optimization of local microenvironments. Subsequently, the key roles of in situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations in revealing poisoning mechanisms and screening catalysts are clarified. Finally, in view of the current research limitations such as mainly focusing on single poisoning species and lacking validations under realistic operating conditions, future research efforts should include the development of multifunctional synergistic anti-poisoning systems, intensifying the research on complex flue gas with coexisting impurities from both gas and liquid phase, and the development of material design through machine learning.关键词：carbon dioxide;electrochemistry;catalyst;stability;impurity effect11|0|0更新时间：2026-07-10
- 摘要：To explore the high-value and safe utilization of reclaimed engine oil bottom (REOB) in rejuvenating aged asphalt, a composite modified asphalt (SRA) incorporating REOB, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and an anti-aging agent was prepared. The effects of REOB content, mixing time and mixing temperature on penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity were systematically investigated using Box–Behnken response surface methodology to determine the optimal preparation conditions. The macroscopic performance, microstructural features and environmental safety of SRA were systematically evaluated using dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), bending beam rheometry (BBR), fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The optimal formulation was identified as 10.7% REOB, 25.6 min mixing time and 136 °C mixing temperature with 0.5% SBR and 0.6% anti-aging agent.Resultsrevealed that SRA exhibited an enhanced complex shear modulus and reduced phase angle at high temperatures accompanied by improved rutting and fatigue factors. At low temperatures, reduced creep stiffness and increased creep rate indicated superior low-temperature cracking resistance and stress relaxation. Microstructural and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that REOB improved the component distribution of aged asphalt and attenuated oxidation-related peaks, while SBR formed a uniform dispersed network within the rejuvenated matrix. TCLP leaching tests showed that heavy metal concentrations remained below regulatory limits and non-metal elements exhibited minimal leaching, confirming the environmental stability of SRA. These findings highlighted the potential of REOB-based composite modification for sustainable and environmentally friendly applications in road engineering.关键词：rejuvenated asphalt;reclaimed engine oil bottom;response surface methodology;performance optimization;TCLP leaching;environmental5|0|0更新时间：2026-07-10
- 摘要：One-dimensional dendritic Fe2O3/CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites (dendritic 1D-Fe2O3/CuO/g-C3N4) were successfully prepared by sol-gel-vacuum infusion-step calcination-template etching method using copper acetate and ferrous gluconate as metal sources, ethylenediamine and carbon tetrachloride as carbon and nitrogen sources, and self-made anodic alumina (AAO) template with dendritic pore structure. The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized using XRD, IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis-DRS. The results showed that a branched one-dimensional ordered structure was formed by using the AAO template with Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles uniformly dispersed. This composite material exhibited highly efficient degradation activity for methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The optimal sample achieved a degradation rate of 97.91% within 20 min in a weak alkaline environment at pH=9, demonstrating high degradation efficiency and excellent repeatable stability.关键词：AAO template;one-dimensional branched structure;Fe2O3/CuO/g-C3N4 nanomaterial;photocatalysis4|0|0更新时间：2026-07-10
- 摘要：As an unconventional hydrocarbon resource with abundant reserves, the efficient pyrolysis conversion of oil shale holds strategic significance for ensuring national energy security. Conventional retorting pyrolysis is confronted with critical bottlenecks, including low heat transfer efficiency, low shale oil yield, and poor product quality. Consequently, introducing hydrogen-rich environments such as steam has emerged as a pivotal technical pathway to overcome these limitations. This paper systematically reviews the composition and structural characteristics of oil shale, deeply elucidates the three-stage pyrolysis evolution of kerogen and the free radical reaction mechanism, and thoroughly analyzes the regulatory mechanisms on the pyrolysis process by internal factors (kerogen type, inherent minerals, and particle size) and external conditions (pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, atmosphere, pressure, and catalyst). The research progress on steam pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of oil shale is comprehensively summarized. The multiple roles of steam in enhancing heat transfer, expanding pores and improving permeability, and in-situ hydrogen donation are clarified. The mechanisms by which catalysts, including metal salts, metal oxides, molecular sieves, and natural minerals, reduce activation energy and facilitate directional cracking for quality upgrading are revealed. Aiming at the technical defect of high energy consumption in conventional steam pyrolysis of oil shale, this work proposes a synergistic pyrolysis technology coupling steam with catalysts. Future research directions are proposed, including exploring the optimal matching system between steam and catalyst types, revealing the synergistic mechanisms and optimal parameters, and developing novel high-efficiency catalysts. This review aims to provide theoretical support and technical reference for the green, efficient exploitation and high-value utilization of oil shale.关键词：oil shale;steam injection;catalytic pyrolysis;reaction mechanism;synergistic effect7|1|0更新时间：2026-07-09
- 摘要：Most existing studies on coking biochemical effluent mainly focus on the removal of conventional macroscopic indicators, while the molecular characteristics and transformation rules of organic matter are rarely discussed, which limits the process optimization. In this study, raw and ozone catalytic oxidation treated coking biochemical effluents were taken as research objects. Organic components were fractionated into saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes and solid-phase extraction (SPE) eluates by liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (-ESI FT-ICR MS) were used to characterize the molecular transformation of refractory organics. The results showed that the total organic matter decreased from 23.7 mg to 2.1 mg after ozone catalytic oxidation, accompanied by a significant reduction in saturates and aromatics. The oxygen content increased, and the H/C ratio decreased from 1.16 to 1.01. GC‑MS indicated that alkanes, n‑alkanes, alcohols, and phenols were refractory to oxidation. FT‑ICR MS showed that the molecular weights of resins and asphaltenes concentrated near 250 Da, while the SPE eluate became more dispersed. Six heteroatomic compounds were identified: Nx, N1Ox, N2Ox, N1OxS1, Ox, and OxS1. Among them, OxS1 compounds were effectively removed, whereas Ox compounds were stable and difficult to degrade. This study reveals the selective oxidation mechanism at the molecular level.关键词：coking wastewater;Biochemical effluent;ozone catalytic oxidation;Refractory organics;GC-MS;FT-ICR MS;Molecular transformation5|0|0更新时间：2026-07-09
- 摘要：Low-refractive-index polymer materials are key functional materials for achieving efficient light management and interfacial regulation, and they play important roles in numerous fields, including optical communications, display and imaging technologies, photovoltaics, and energy-efficient buildings. In recent years, the rapid development of flexible optoelectronic devices, micro/nano-photonic devices and green building technologies has created new demands for polymer materials with lower refractive indices, higher environmental stability and improved processability. Based on a systematic review of relevant studies published domestically and internationally, this article focused on the central question of how to further reduce the refractive index while retaining the intrinsic advantages of polymers, and summarized the design principles and development progress of major low-refractive-index polymer material systems. Starting from the Lorentz–Lorenz equation, the quantitative relationships among molecular polarizability, material density and effective refractive index were analyzed. Several typical strategies were summarized including the introduction of low-polarizability groups, construction of porous structures, design of refractive-index gradients and organic–inorganic synergistic modification. Subsequently, representative low-refractive-index materials, including fluorinated polymers, porous/aerogel polymers, siloxane and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrid systems, hyperbranched and microporous polymers, and organic–inorganic nanocomposites, were discussed in detail. Particular attention was paid to their molecular structure design concepts, tunable refractive-index ranges, thermomechanical properties and environmental stability. Through comparative analysis, the characteristics and limitations of different material systems in terms of application adaptability were further revealed. Furthermore, in combination with application scenarios such as optical films, flexible optical waveguides, transparent thermal-insulation glazing, integrated photonic devices and microfluidic chips, this article summarized the typical implementation routes and performance requirements of low-refractive-index polymers in practical devices. This review aimed to provide useful insights and data support for the future design and engineering application of high-performance low-refractive-index polymer materials through a systematic summary of material systems and performance evolution trends.关键词：low refractive index;polymer materials;fluoropolymers;porous polymers;aerogels;organic-inorganic hybrids9|0|0更新时间：2026-07-09
- 摘要：As the global shortage of freshwater resources continues to worsen, the green and low-cost Interfacial Solar Steam Generation (ISSG) technology exhibits vital application value in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment, offering broad prospects for the sustainable utilization of water resources. Conventional mainstream photothermal materials generally suffer from complicated fabrication procedures, inadequate mechanical properties, poor salt resistance and limited biodegradability. In this study, carbonized coffee grounds (CCG), chitosan (CS) and bamboo particles (BPs) were used as raw materials, and directional freeze-drying technology was adopted to fabricate a CCG/CS/BPs@CS-PUs aerogel evaporator with a biomimetic Nepenthes-inspired hierarchical pore structure. The directionally aligned pore channels were formed inside the aerogel, where the microporous CS-PUs at the bottom work synergistically with the macroporous CCG/CS/BPs at the top to form an integrated functional network. This network structure not only optimized the pathways for water transport and salt ion diffusion but also enabled the material to achieve a high solar light absorption rate of 96.5%. Under 1 sun illumination, the evaporator delivered an evaporation rate of 1.92 kg/(m²·h) and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.10%, respectively. An 8-hour outdoor test with 15 wt% NaCl solution verified that no salt crystals precipitate on the surface of the aerogel evaporator with a daily freshwater output of 9.85 kg/m², demonstrating outstanding salt resistance and promising practical application potential.关键词：carbonized coffee grounds;interfacial solar steam generation;evaporation rate;photothermal conversion efficiency;seawater desalination12|0|0更新时间：2026-07-09
- 摘要：Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is effective for the treatment of toxic and refractory wastewater. However, the stability of AGS systems under environmental shocks has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, mature AGS was used to treat synthetic pyridine-containing wastewater at a pyridine concentration of 60 mg/L, and the effects of typical environmental shocks, including reactor shutdown, organic loading shock, loss of aeration-induced hydraulic shear force, reduction in the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and shortened operating cycles, were evaluated in terms of the physicochemical properties of AGS, pollutant removal performance, and microbial community composition. The results indicated that organic load shocks and aeration hydraulic shear force losses were critical factors governing the stability of AGS systems. These shocks disrupt the balance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), as evidenced by the decreased PN/PS ratio, thereby reducing relative hydrophobicity and mechanical strength, ultimately leading to granule disintegration. Despite these structural perturbations, pyridine and COD were efficiently and stably removed, owing to the enrichment of pyridine-degrading bacteria (Paracoccus and unclassified_f_Paracoccaceae) and a synergistic mechanism of adsorption-biodegradation. In contrast, nitrogen removal proved highly vulnerable to environmental disturbances. Organic shocks and shear losses compromised the stratified granule architecture and suppressed denitrifying bacteria, significantly reducing denitrification efficiency. Specifically, TN removal efficiencies declined by 7.7% and 6.6%, while the NH4+- N removals dropped by 16.2% and 9.9%, respectively, relative to the stable phase. This study reveals the intrinsic mechanisms underlying AGS structural instability and functional differentiation under pyridine-induced environmental shocks, clarifies the key influencing factors, and provides a theoretical basis for the shock-resilience regulation of AGS in treating refractory nitrogen-containing heterocyclic wastewater.关键词：aerobic granular sludge;pyridine;environmental shocks;microbial community6|0|0更新时间：2026-07-08
- 摘要：In coal chemical black water pipelines, the coupling effect between corrosion and complex flow conditions poses a risk of flow corrosion to special structures such as elbows. In this study, a flow corrosion model coupling the k-ω turbulence model, Nernst-Planck mass transfer equation, and electrochemical kinetics model was developed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the effect of secondary flow on corrosion behavior in an elbow pipe. The results showed that when fluid passed through an elbow, centrifugal force induces secondary flow, which modulated the species concentration distribution via a dual mechanism: enhancing mass transfer on the outer wall while suppressing mass transfer on the inner wall. Along the flow direction, the H+ concentration on the outer and side walls increased progressively, whereas the Fe2+ concentration showed a contrasting trend. Mass transfer on the inner wall was suppressed by the low-velocity region, leading to the formation of a region characterized by low H+ concentration and high Fe2+ concentration. The corrosion rate distribution exhibited consistency with H+ mass transfer. Along the flow direction, the corrosion rate on the outer and side walls increased progressively, whereas that on the inner wall was relatively low. These findings suggested that, in engineering practice, wall thickness monitoring and anti-corrosion coating should be prioritized near the outlet cross-section of outer and side walls. In addition, the upper flow velocity limit should be controlled within the permissible range, and a larger bend radius ratio was preferable where feasible to mitigate secondary flow effects.关键词：coal chemical industry;elbow pipe;corrosion;computational fluid dynamics, computational fluid dynamics(CFD);numerical simulation5|0|0更新时间：2026-07-08
- 摘要：The acidification-induced gelation process in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst preparation represents a typical high-solid-content non-Newtonian slurry system. At a solid content of 38%, the slurry contains a high concentration of solid particles with strong interparticle interactions, resulting in a relatively high initial viscosity of the slurry. Upon acid addition, peptization and gelation reactions further reinforce the interparticle network, resulting in a rapid viscosity increase and pronounced shear-thinning behavior. The combined effects of high solid loading and acidification-induced thickening greatly increase the difficulty of mixing intensification, which may cause non-uniform acid dispersion, heterogeneous gel structures, and flow dead zones. To address the mixing challenges in this high-viscosity acidification process, rheological measurements, regional pH analysis, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were combined to systematically investigate the effects of Rushton, cross-type, and Tian-type impellers on mixing behavior. The results showed that the acidification stage was the critical period governing the overall mixing performance. Under high-viscosity conditions, the Rushton and cross-type impellers tended to generate flow dead zones, resulting in uneven viscosity and pH distributions within the stirred tank. In contrast, the Tian-type impeller provided stronger bulk circulation and fluid propulsion, effectively reducing the dead-zone volume and promoting uniform acid dispersion in the 38% high-solid-content slurry. The CFD results were consistent with the experimental observations, demonstrating that the Tian-type impeller was more suitable for the high-solid-content acidification-induced gelation process in FCC catalyst preparation.关键词：FCC catalyst;acidification process;shear thinning;stirred reactor;computational fluid dynamics6|0|0更新时间：2026-07-08
- 摘要：Cu/SiO2 catalysts were modified with different B contents by impregnating Cu/SiO2 precursors derived from urea-assisted precipitation in aqueous boric acid solution. The effect of B on catalyst morphology, structure, surface acidity, and its distribution was characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption (Py-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure and morphology of CuB/SiO2 catalysts were further correlated to their performance in the catalytic dehydrogenation of diethylene glycol (DEG) to p-dioxanone (PDO). The results indicated that incorporation of B into Cu/SiO2 catalysts restrained the formation of Cu2O crystallites during H2 reduction, highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles on silica, reduced the total surface acidity, and increased Lewis acid proportion. The CuB/SiO2 catalyst with 18.9 wt% Cu and 3 wt% B achieved DEG conversion and PDO selectivity of up to 93.6% and 91.9%, respectively, at 250℃. Besides, the introduction of B onto Cu/SiO2 significantly enhanced its stability in dehydrogenation of DEG to PDO, maintaining the activity and selectivity comparable to those of the fresh catalyst after 100h of reaction.关键词：catalysts;catalytic dehydrogenation;selectivity;stability;diethylene glycol;p-dioxanone10|0|0更新时间：2026-07-08
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