燃料电池用碳纤维基气体扩散层技术进展与应用展望

贾峰峰; 刘红呈; 江涛; 高峰阁; 邹文俊; 孙婷; 梁智童; 刘瑞欣; 陆赵情

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613. 2026-0318

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燃料电池用碳纤维基气体扩散层技术进展与应用展望

精细化工 | 更新时间：2026-09-01

- 燃料电池用碳纤维基气体扩散层技术进展与应用展望
- Carbon fiber-based gas diffusion layers for fuel cells: A review
- 化工进展 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院，中国轻工业纸基功能材料重点实验室，陕西西安 710021
  2.江苏沃峰新材料有限公司，江苏扬州 225800
  3.陕西天恒空天新材料有限公司，陕西咸阳 712000
  4.陕西有色天策新材料科技有限公司，陕西西安 710100
  5.陕西旭氢时代科技有限公司，陕西西安 713700
- 作者简介：
  
  贾峰峰（1994—），博士生，研究方向为先进纤维纸基功能材料。E-mail：18829445247@163.com。
  陆赵情，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为高性能纤维纸基功能材料。E-mail：luzhaoqing302@163.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22508239);咸阳市重大技术攻关专项(L2025-ZDKJ-ZDGG-XCL001);扬州市科学技术局产业前瞻与关键核心技术项目(YZ2025004);陕西省三秦博创人才项目(2025SQBC022);西安市社会发展科技创新示范项目(26SFJS00008)
- DOI：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613. 2026-0318
  中图分类号： TM911.4
- 收稿：2026-03-04，
  
  修回：2026-08-15，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
贾峰峰, 刘红呈, 江涛, 等. 燃料电池用碳纤维基气体扩散层技术进展与应用展望[J/OL]. 化工进展, 2026.

Jia Fengfeng, Liu Hongcheng, Jiang Tao, et al. Carbon fiber-based gas diffusion layers for fuel cells: A review[J/OL]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2026.
贾峰峰, 刘红呈, 江涛, 等. 燃料电池用碳纤维基气体扩散层技术进展与应用展望[J/OL]. 化工进展, 2026. DOI： 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613. 2026-0318.

Jia Fengfeng, Liu Hongcheng, Jiang Tao, et al. Carbon fiber-based gas diffusion layers for fuel cells: A review[J/OL]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2026. DOI： 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613. 2026-0318.

摘要

气体扩散层（GDL）作为质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）中实现气、水、电、热、力场耦合传输的核心功能部件，其性能与成本直接制约燃料电池商业化进程。本文聚焦炭纸、炭布及炭毡等主流碳纤维基GDL，系统阐释其微观结构、气液传输特性与电池效能之间的构效关系，重点评述微孔层梯度化设计、表面亲疏水图案化修饰及新型碳材料复合等策略在优化传输与界面性能方面的最新进展。区别于现有综述，本文聚焦产业化视角，剖析了从实验室向规模化制造转化过程中面临的性能均一性、成本控制与工况耐久性协同等挑战，并对比分析了国内外市场格局与技术路线，揭示了国产化进程中原材料、工程化及创新生态的短板。在此基础上，展望了GDL向材料-结构-工艺一体化设计、智能化制造及绿色循环方向演进的发展趋势，以期为下一代高性能、长寿命、低成本GDL的研发与产业化提供参考。

Abstract

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) serves as a critical functional component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)

enabling the coupled transport and management of gas

liquid water

electricity

heat and mechanical stress. Its performance and cost directly constrain the commercialization progress of fuel cell technology. This review focused on mainstream carbon fiber-based GDLs

including carbon paper

carbon cloth and carbon felt

systematically elucidating the structure-performance relationships among their microstructure

gas-liquid transport characteristics and cell efficiency. Recent advances in optimizing transport and interfacial properties were critically reviewed with emphasis on gradient microporous layer design

surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterning and novel carbon-material hybridization strategies. Distinct from existing reviews

this work adopted an industrialization perspective

analyzing the key challenges in transitioning from lab-scale prototypes to mass production—particularly the trade-offs among performance uniformity

cost control and operational durability. A comparative analysis of domestic and international market landscapes and technological roadmaps was presented

revealing the bottlenecks in raw materials

engineering capabilities and innovation ecosystems during the localization process. Furthermore

future directions for GDL technology were envisioned

pointing toward integrated material-structure-process design

intelligent manufacturing and green recycling.

关键词

Keywords

references

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