最新刊期
- 摘要：Accurate online identification of gas–liquid multiphase flow patterns remains a challenging issue in industrial process monitoring. In this study, a thermal diffusion-based automatic flow pattern identification method integrated with ensemble learning was proposed, based on the phenomenon that variations in gas-liquid phase compositions and their different thermophysical properties under external heating conditions induce corresponding wall temperature responses. The proposed method utilizes the differences in wall temperature responses caused by various flow patterns to achieve automatic flow pattern identification. First, a low-cost thermocouple temperature sensor is employed to non-intrusively and continuously acquire single-point wall temperature signals induced by gas–liquid multiphase flow. Subsequently, multi-domain feature vectors, including time-domain, frequency-domain, and wavelet-domain features, are extracted and fused from the temperature sequences to comprehensively characterize the wall temperature responses associated with different flow patterns. Finally, a stacked ensemble learning model is developed, in which multiple machine learning classifiers, including random forest, support vector machine, and adaptive boosting, are integrated through a meta-learner to establish the nonlinear mapping relationship between temperature features and flow pattern categories. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed stacked ensemble learning framework can accurately identify flow patterns based on wall temperature response characteristics, achieving an identification accuracy exceeding 96%, which outperforms conventional machine learning classifiers.关键词：Gas-liquid multiphase flow;Thermal diffusion;flow pattern identification;ensemble learning;Non-invasive monitoring1|0|0更新时间：2026-10-22
- 摘要：To improve the heat-transfer performance of straight-finned evaporator tubes in cold storage, we developed a three-dimensional coupled heat-transfer model that combines natural convection and surface radiation for the double-straight-fin evaporator tube and verified its reliability through experimental measurements. The study analyzed how structural parameters, such as fin height and angle, affect heat transfer. Based on this, we used an orthogonal design method with a three-factor, four-level orthogonal array to generate 16 representative experimental configurations to optimize the fin angle, height, and thickness of the double-straight-fin evaporator tube. Results indicate that natural convection and surface radiation each account for about 50% of the total heat transfer. As fin height increases, the overall heat transfer rate initially rises and then decreases. When the fin angle is less than 80 degrees, the total heat transfer increases with angle; beyond this point, further increases in angle yield nearly constant heat transfer. Orthogonal optimization results indicate that Case 4 (fin angle 80 degrees, fin height 70 mm, and thickness 2.5 mm) achieves the highest coupled heat transfer rate of 78.93 W/m². Case 5 (fin angle 100 degrees, fin height 50 mm, and thickness 1.0 mm) delivers the maximum heat transfer per unit mass of 22.83 W/kg. Case 9 exhibits the best overall performance, with a value of 0.932. The peak air velocity inside the cold storage ranges from 0.344 to 0.278 m/s, while airflow around the shelves remains below 0.1 m/s. The average temperature is approximately 245 K, about 3.0 K below the set temperature for frozen goods (248.0 K). This reduces dry loss and helps maintain product quality.关键词：straight-ribbed tube;heat transfer;computational fluid dynamics;structural design;optimization7|4|0更新时间：2026-10-19
- 摘要：Under high-temperature and high-speed operating conditions, rotor vibration can readily induce rub-impact between the floating ring and the seal runner, directly affecting the stable operation of the sealing system. However, the dynamic variations in the vibration response of the floating ring and contact loads during rub-impact evolution remain unclear, and accurate identification of contact states remains a key technical challenge. In this study, a fluid–structure interaction method was employed to establish a dynamic rub-impact model of a high-temperature and high-speed floating-ring seal based on a finite element simulation platform. The relative displacement-to-clearance ratio and contact duty cycle were innovatively introduced as joint identification indicators to distinguish three typical rub-impact stages: micro-motion pre-contact, partial rub-impact, and full-circumference rub-impact. The evolution characteristics of the contact pressures on the primary and secondary sealing surfaces and the gas-film pressure at different rub-impact stages were systematically investigated. Finally, the accuracy of the model was validated through displacement experiments on the floating-ring seal. The results showed that, with increasing relative vibration of the rotor–floating-ring system, the system successively underwent three rub-impact stages, with corresponding contact duty cycles of 0, 0.54, and 0.985, respectively. During the micro-motion pre-contact stage, no effective direct contact occurs on the primary sealing surface. During the partial rub-impact stage, the contact pressure exhibits a localized concentration, with a maximum value of approximately 1.1 MPa, while the circumferential non-uniformity of the gas-film pressure becomes more pronounced. During the full-circumference rub-impact stage, the localized high-contact-pressure region migrates circumferentially, and the maximum contact pressure reaches 1.76 MPa, representing an increase of 60% compared with that in the partial rub-impact stage. Significant uneven-loading characteristics are observed on both the primary and secondary sealing surfaces. These findings provide theoretical support for rub-impact state identification and operational reliability assessment of floating-ring seals.关键词：floating-ring seal;rub-impact state evolution;numerical simulation;contact duty cycle;kinetics2|1|0更新时间：2026-10-19
- 摘要：During the production of spectinomycin, a large amount of antibiotic fermentation residue is generated. The primary disposal method involves drying followed by incineration, but the high cost and carbon emissions associated with this process remain persistent challenges that hinder the healthy development of related antibiotic-producing enterprises. In this study, spectinomycin fermentation residue was used as the main substrate for aerobic composting. The effects of the dosage of a composite microbial agent, composed of Enterococcus faecalis strain and Bacillus thermolactis strain, on the physicochemical properties of the compost pile, product composition, as well as the abundance of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated. Additionally, the potential biological removal mechanisms of spectinomycin and ARGs were analyzed. At an inoculum dosage of 0.5×10⁸ CFU/g, the compost pile maintained a high temperature above 55.0°C for a longer duration, and the product composition and properties were superior to the requirements specified in NY/T 525–2021. The residual spectinomycin was not detected, and the removal rate of ARGs was 38.5% higher than that of the blank control. At the phylum level, Bacillota was significantly enriched in the pile after the high-temperature phase, while Uroviricota was suppressed, which was conducive to the detoxification of the compost. At the genus level, Mycolicibacterium and Alkalilimnicola contributed significantly to the removal of spectinomycin. At the end of the maturation phase, the abundance of various carbohydrate-active enzymes in the 0.5×10⁸ CFU/g treatment was upregulated by 1.2–1.8 fold, facilitating the co-metabolic removal of antibiotic, ARGs and organic matter. This study provides a microbiological basis for the fertilizer utilization of aminoglycoside antibiotic fermentation residues and offers a technical foundation for their resourceful reuse.关键词：antibiotic mycelial residue;composite microbial inoculant;aerobic composting;antibiotic resistance genes10|1|0更新时间：2026-10-16
- 摘要：Oily wastewater contains high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, emulsified oil, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and is characterized by strong biological toxicity and poor biodegradability, making it difficult for a single treatment process to achieve stable compliance. Focusing on membrane bioreactor (MBR), this paper reviews the research progress in “pretreatment synergy-biofilm mechanism-MBR process intensification”. At the process synergy level, the coupling effects of pretreatments such as air flotation and coagulation with biofilm processes are analyzed, and the significance of source reduction of oil load for the stable operation of biological systems is clarified. At the mechanistic level, the mechanisms of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by biofilms are elucidated from three aspects: biofilm formation and structure, carrier surface properties, and microbial community succession. At the process intensification level, the treatment performance and oil load resistance of MBR and other biofilm processes are compared, the intensification mechanisms of coupled processes are analyzed, and membrane fouling control and operation regulation strategies are summarized. The results show that when treating high-salinity oily wastewater, MBR can achieve removal efficiencies of 86.2%, 90.8%, and 90.0% for COD, TOC, and petroleum hydrocarbons, respectively. It is proposed that membrane fouling, salinity shock, and long-term accumulation of oil and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) remain bottlenecks in engineering applications. Future research should be deepened in directions such as directional enrichment of functional bacteria and source reduction of membrane fouling, providing a theoretical reference for related engineering practices.关键词：oily wastewater;membrane bioreactor (MBR);biofilm process;microbial community succession;membrane fouling9|0|0更新时间：2026-10-15
- 摘要：Droplet impact on solid walls is widely encountered in process equipment such as spray drying or cooling systems, fuel injection devices, gas-liquid separators and rotating packed beds. The partitioning of the liquid phase after impact among wall deposition, droplet rebound, secondary breakup and gas-phase re-entrainment directly affects gas-liquid two-phase flow, mass and heat transfer, or reaction processes, and ultimately determines equipment performance. Clarifying the evolution process and underlying mechanisms of droplet impact on solid walls is therefore an important theoretical basis for interfacial regulation and process intensification. Focusing on the liquid-phase redistribution pathways after droplet impact, this review summarizes typical evolution processes, including near-wall air-film drainage, initial contact, radial spreading, deposition, retraction, rebound and splashing, and reviews the progress in the models and criteria related to the maximum spreading factor, energy balance, dynamic wetting, splashing thresholds and secondary droplet formation. Existing studies have systematically revealed the morphological evolution of single-droplet impact on solid walls under ideal conditions, including deposition, spreading, retraction, rebound and splashing. However, most studies still focus mainly on hydrodynamic morphology identification, while insufficient attention has been paid to microscopic characteristics closely related to equipment performance, such as liquid capture efficiency, liquid-film instability boundaries, and the size and velocity distributions of secondary droplets. Moreover, the influence of droplet impact behavior under complex operating conditions on macroscopic transport processes remains insufficiently understood, making it difficult to provide directly applicable source-term models and boundary conditions for equipment design and process intensification. Future studies should shift from single-impact morphology classification toward a multiscale coupling framework integrating behavior regime mapping, liquid-phase redistribution, source-term modeling and equipment performance prediction. Quantitative links should be established among single-droplet impact mechanisms, liquid-film evolution, secondary droplets, re-entrainment source terms and macroscopic transport performance, thereby providing a theoretical basis for interfacial regulation, stable liquid-film drainage, transport intensification and equipment parameter design in gas-liquid two-phase flow processes.关键词：droplet impact;multiphase flow;surface;interface;transport processes8|0|0更新时间：2026-10-15
- 摘要：Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) was used as a phase change material (PCM), and the effects of different nucleating agents and thickeners on its supercooling and phase separation characteristics were investigated. The step-cooling curves, SEM-EDS, XRD, and rheological measurements were employed to analyze the mechanisms by which the nucleating agent mitigated supercooling and the thickener suppressed phase separation. A composite PCM consisting of 96% SAT, 3% disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) as the nucleating agent, and 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) as the thickener was consequently determined. Long-term melting-solidification cycling tests were conducted to investigate the evolution of latent heat and supercooling with increasing cycle number. An empirical kinetic model based on a first-order decay function was established to predict the cycling stability of the latent heat. After 2000 experimental cycles, the latent heat of the composite PCM decreased from an initial value of 268.6 kJ/kg to 249.6 kJ/kg, corresponding to a reduction of 7.1%, while the supercooling increased from 8.1 to 17.4 °C. The model predicted that the latent heat would decrease to 248.1 kJ/kg after 5000 cycles. Subsequently, the composite PCM was incorporated into a latent thermal energy storage unit, and a full-scale numerical model was established to investigate its heat-release characteristics under different heat-transfer structures and operating conditions. Thermal resistance analysis showed that the total thermal resistance of the storage unit was dominated by the PCM-side thermal resistance, and that increasing the heat transfer tube diameter within the investigated range reduced the total thermal resistance. Increasing the heat-transfer fluid flow rate favored short duration and high power heat release, while an appropriate increase in the inlet temperature improved the heat-release efficiency. These results provide a theoretical basis for the long-term stable application of SAT-based composite PCMs and the enhancement of their heat-release process.关键词：phase change material;sodium acetate trihydrate;cycling stability;heat-release performance8|1|0更新时间：2026-10-14
- 摘要：Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane is a crucial pathway for carbon resource utilization, with its core lying in the development of efficient catalysts. Among various factors affecting catalytic performance, metal-support interaction (MSI) plays a particularly critical regulatory role. In CO2 methanation catalysts, MSI primarily includes classical strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) and electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI). A thorough appreciation of these MSI can deepen our understanding of the structure-activity relationship of catalysts and rationally guide the design of specific metal-interface active sites to modulate the catalytic behavior. This review systematically elaborates the mechanisms and regulatory strategies of metal-support interactions in CO2 methanation catalysts, focusing on two typical interaction modes of SMSI and EMSI. Furthermore, it delves into the regulatory mechanisms of MSI on reaction pathways, intermediate stability, and catalyst structure from three dimensions of electronic effects, geometric effects, and bifunctional effects. This review aims to systematically outline the mechanisms and regulatory strategies of MSI in the field of CO2 methanation, providing theoretical foundations and strategic references for designing efficient CO2 methanation catalysts.关键词：carbon dioxide;hydrogenation;methane;catalyst;support13|0|0更新时间：2026-10-14
- 摘要：Conventional vanadium-based NH3-SCR catalysts suffer from problems such as high reaction temperature and vanadium biotoxicity, making it urgent to develop alternative high-efficient non-vanadium systems for low-to-medium temperature applications. In this study, pure CuO and MnO2 were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and a series of CuO-MnO2 composite catalysts were fabricated by mechanical mixing to investigate the effect of MnO2 on the denitration performance of CuO. Activity evaluation results show that when the mass ratio of MnO2 to CuO is 0.15:0.85, the composite catalyst achieves an NO conversion above 80% at 225 ℃, which is significantly higher than that of pure CuO. By combining multiple characterization techniques including XRD, SEM, XPS, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, and in situ DRIFTS, the mechanism of MnO2 modification is elucidated. Microscopic morphology analysis shows that CuO is sheet-like and MnO2 is nanorod-like. After MnO2 modification, the specific surface area of the composite catalyst has increased, from 3.6 m²/g for pure CuO to 9.9 m²/g. Electron transfer between Mn3+/Mn4+ and Cu+/Cu2+ promotes the enrichment of surface active oxygen (Oα) and enhances the total acidity and hydrogen consumption, thereby improving the surface acidity and redox ability of the catalyst. In situ DRIFTS cross-adsorption experiments at 200 ℃ confirm that the NH3-SCR reactions over both CuO and CuO-MnO2 composite catalysts mainly follow the Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism, and the introduction of MnO2 strengthens the adsorption and activation of NH3 on Lewis acid sites and the formation of -NH2 active intermediates. This study provides a reference for the rational design of high-performance low-to-medium temperature Cu-based denitration catalysts.关键词：denitration;MnO2 modification;CuO catalyst;reaction mechanism9|0|0更新时间：2026-10-14
- 摘要：This study investigated the separation and enrichment of copper ions from PCB etching waste solution using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technology, followed by the preparation of copper oxide (CuO) using the enriched copper ion solution as raw material. An ELM system was established with Span80 as the surfactant, kerosene as the membrane solvent, LIX-84 as the extractant, and H2SO4 as the internal aqueous phase. Key parameters affecting Cu2+ migration were systematically examined, including the volume fraction of Span80 ,volume fraction of LIX-84, emulsification time, mixing time, mixing speed, oil-to-internal phase ratio, pH, emulsion-to-external phase ratio, and sulfuric acid concentration in the internal phase. Optimal operating conditions were determined as follows: φSpan80=5%, φ(LIX-84)=10%, Roi=1:1, Rew=1:4, t1=10 min, t2=20min, pH=3, v=500 r/min, and c (sulfuric acid)=1 mol/L. Under these conditions, the ELM exhibited excellent stability, and the internal phase showed significant copper ion enrichment after demulsification, demonstrating high selectivity of the ELM system for copper ions. The migration rate of Cu2+ reached 90.4%, with the enriched solution achieving a Cu2+ concentration of 171.75 g/L. Using the copper-enriched solution obtained via ELM as feedstock, basic copper chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl) was synthesized through pH adjustment, aging, centrifugal washing, and drying. Subsequently, CuO particles were prepared via high-temperature calcination. The physicochemical properties of the CuO particles, including crystalline structure, morphological characteristics, and elemental composition, were characterized using XRD, SEM, and EDS. Results indicated that the calcination product consisted of uniformly distributed CuO particles with high purity (95.97%).关键词：Emulsion liquid film method;PCB etching wastewater;copper ions;copper oxide;resource recovery8|0|0更新时间：2026-10-14
- 摘要：Lithium sulfide (Li2S), as a key precursor for sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs), has become a critical bottleneck restricting the rapid development and industrialization of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). This review summarizes the current purification technologies for high-purity lithium sulfide (Li2S, ≥99.99%), with research mainly focusing on three major technical routes: solid-phase, liquid-phase, and gas-phase methods. Among these, solid-phase methods—exemplified by carbothermal reduction and hydrogen reduction—are relatively mature in processing but suffer from high energy consumption and safety concerns. Liquid-phase methods, including metathesis and hydrogen sulfide neutralization, offer mild reaction conditions and high product purity; however, they are complicated by solvent recovery and toxic gas handling. Gas-phase methods, though capable of achieving ultra-high purity products, are constrained by high equipment costs, low yields, and limited scalability for industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms, process characteristics, and product performance of the three major technical routes—solid-state, liquid-phase, and gas-phase methods—were systematically reviewed, and the latest domestic and international research findings and industrialization progress were integrated to thoroughly analyze the three core challenges currently facing the purification of high-purity lithium sulfide: 1. the difficulty of precise impurity control, particularly the deep removal of water, oxygen-containing species, and metal ions; 2. insufficient process stability and poor batch-to-batch product consistency during scale-up; 3. persistently high production costs that severely limit its widespread application in ASSLBs. Finally, targeted recommendations are proposed from three perspectives—technological innovation, standardization system development, and synergistic industrial chain collaboration—with the aim of providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the autonomous and sustainable industrialization of high-purity Li2S in China.关键词：lithium sulfide;high purity;purification technology;all-solid-state lithium battery;industrialization15|1|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：Water electrolysis for hydrogen production can effectively mitigate economic losses resulting from power curtailment. Modular grouping operations and the complementary coupling of multiple types of electrolyzers hold significant development potential. This study considered different operational characteristics of alkaline water electrolyzers (AWE) and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), and, based on a capacity design and scheduling optimization methods for an off-grid grouped hydrogen production system, further incorporated semi-empirical voltage-current models of the electrolyzers to compare the impact of different grouping granularity operating strategies for AWE and PEMWE under fixed electrolyzer capacity on the system capacity design. On this foundation, a second-level scheduling optimization model was constructed, enabling 10-second-level scheduling optimization analysis under typical operating conditions. According to the results, the grouping system can significantly reduce the dependence on energy storage configuration and exhibited performance advantages within fluctuating power intervals. Furthermore, the differentiated operational characteristics and impacts of AWE and PEMWE groupings were elucidated, with the AWE grouping showing a more pronounced improvement in system performance and a phenomenon of diminishing marginal returns. In addition, the effects of energy storage sizing and time-step resolution on scheduling optimization were investigated. This study can provide a basis for the design and control of green hydrogen projects.关键词：renewable energy;hydrogen;water electrolysis;coupling of electrolyzers8|1|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：This study addressed the thermodynamic and kinetic bottlenecks of water-based absorbents in capturing non-polar VOCs, and constructed a hydrophobic-driven composite absorption system with N,N-dimethyldecanamide (DMDA) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as core components. Through gas-liquid mass transfer experiments combined with multi-scale molecular simulations, the cross-scale mass transfer enhancement and capture mechanism of xylene were systematically elucidated. Experimental results demonstrate that the composite system achieves synergistic improvement in thermodynamic capacity and kinetic mass transfer rate under optimized conditions. Quantum chemical calculations show that the binding energies of xylene with DMDA and SDBS are -36.2kJ/mol and -34.3kJ/mol, respectively, with van der Waals dispersion forces contributing more than 90%. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that DMDA and SDBS self-assemble into core-shell micelles in aqueous solution, and after encapsulation within the hydrophobic core, the effective self-diffusion coefficient of xylene decreases by 94.1%, realizing the transition from free diffusion to restricted immobilization. This study establishes a multi-scale correlation among macroscopic mass transfer, microscopic interactions, and dynamic evolution, providing theoretical basis for the rational design of high-efficiency water-based absorbents.关键词：absorption;mass transfer;molecular simulation;core-shell micelle;hydrophobic effect3|0|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：Chemical process operations carry significant risks such as leakage, fire and explosion, uncontrolled reactions, and domino effects. Traditional safety design based on intrinsic safety often relies on empirical judgment and static evaluation indicators, which are unable to reflect the dynamic characteristics of accident evolution under abnormal conditions. With the development of technologies such as process simulation, computational fluid dynamics, dynamic simulation, and digital twin, full-process simulation provides a new method for revealing the disaster-causing mechanisms of chemical processes and optimizing intrinsic safety design. This paper reviews the basic theories and evaluation methods of intrinsic safety design, summarizes the research progress in simulation studies of various typical disaster-causing mechanisms, and focuses on analyzing the application of dynamic process simulation, HAZOP quantification and automation, digital twin, and data-driven methods in intrinsic safety design. Overall, full-process simulation is driving the evaluation of inherent safety in chemical processes from a static assessment based on steady-state parameters toward a dynamic risk assessment that considers the abnormal operating conditions and the entire lifecycle. It further points out that the current research still faces problems such as insufficient coupling efficiency of multi-scale and multi-physical fields, inconsistent data standards, and insufficient integration of simulation results and intrinsic safety evaluation. In the future, research on simulation-design integration platforms, dynamic risk assessment, and intelligent early warning technologies should be strengthened to support the improvement of the intrinsic safety level of chemical processes.关键词：safety;full-process simulation;disaster-causing mechanism;inherently safer design;dynamic simulation;process systems13|0|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：A one-dimensional multiphysics model was developed to address the limited accessibility of internal states in industrial-scale PUREX pulsed stripping columns and the strong coupling among physical properties, hydrodynamics, liquid–liquid equilibrium, mass transfer, and thermal effects. The column was discretized axially using the finite-volume method. Hydrodynamic, phase-equilibrium, mass-transfer, and heat-transfer parameters were updated using the local concentrations of U(VI), HNO3, and free TBP together with the local temperature, while the calculated internal states were mapped onto industrially measurable variables, including differential pressure, density, and aqueous–organic interface height. Under the uranium-free baseline and uranium-loaded stripping conditions, the mean absolute relative deviations between the calculated and measured hydrodynamic variables were 0.63% and 0.62%, respectively. Steady-state calculations indicated that the U(VI) stripping occurred predominantly in the lower and middle sections of the column, whereas HNO3 redistribution was concentrated primarily in the lower region. The minimum temperature under the uranium-loaded condition was 46.2 ℃, 2.4 ℃ lower than that under the uranium-free condition. The free TBP concentration recovered to nearly the total TBP concentration at approximately z = 3 m, beyond which the U(VI) distribution ratio and mass-transfer driving force decreased markedly. At an effective mass-transfer height of 7.3 m, the cumulative numbers of transfer units (NTUs) for HNO3 and U(VI) were approximately 27 and 23, corresponding to average heights of transfer units (HTUs) of approximately 0.27 and 0.32 m, respectively. The mass-transfer region could accordingly be divided into a main stripping section and a deep-stripping section for residual U(VI). The proposed model enables the analysis of otherwise inaccessible internal states in industrial pulsed stripping columns and provides a quantitative tool for assessing effective mass-transfer height and supporting design verification.关键词：pulsed extraction column;PUREX;stripping;multiphysics modeling;mass transfer10|1|0更新时间：2026-10-12
- 摘要：The radiolysis of aqueous nitric acid during spent fuel reprocessing involves complex reactions, widely separated reaction timescales, and strong coupling among multiple influencing factors. Conventional reaction kinetic models can describe these complex reaction networks to some extent, but challenges remain because of the strong stiffness of the kinetic equations, uncertainties in some reaction parameters, and difficulties in expanding reaction networks. This review examines the mechanisms of aqueous nitric acid radiolysis and artificial intelligence-based modelling methods. It summarizes the primary and final radiation chemical yields of the major radiolysis products and their influencing factors, and reviews the development of radiolysis kinetic models. It then discusses applications of artificial intelligence to surrogate integration of complex kinetic equations, prediction of reaction rate constants, and reaction network analysis, together with the conditions required to transfer methods developed in other chemical systems to nitric acid radiolysis. Two potential approaches are highlighted: solving reaction kinetic equations using physics-informed neural networks, and training neural networks on kinetic simulation data. The potential for further model adjustment using experimental data is also discussed. The review also examines challenges arising from limited experimental data and disparate reaction timescales. Future studies can combine kinetic simulation data with experimental data to develop artificial intelligence modelling methods for predicting the evolution of radiolysis products and actinide oxidation states in aqueous nitric acid under complex conditions.关键词：artificial intelligence;radiolysis;aqueous nitric acid;reaction kinetics;spent fuel reprocessing7|0|0更新时间：2026-10-12
- 摘要：To address the problem of excessive shear stress and cell damage in conventional stirred bioreactors, a novel vibrating bioreactor was proposed. Numerical simulations and experiments were conducted to compare the flow characteristics and mass transfer performance of vibrating and stirred bioreactors, and the simulation results were validated using the dynamic oxygen absorption method. The results showed that the periodic reciprocating motion of the vibrating plate effectively improved the flow field uniformity and reduced local high-shear regions. Compared with the stirred bioreactor, the vibrating bioreactor reduced the average shear stress by 20%, shortened the mixing time by 20.12%, and increased the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) by 23.43%. In addition, vibration promoted bubble breakup and dispersion, increased the gas–liquid interfacial area, and enhanced the mass transfer efficiency. With increasing aeration rate, both gas holdup and kLa increased. At an aeration rate of 1 m³/(m³·min), the gas holdup and local kLa values at bottom-region reached relatively high levels, while the shortest mixing time was achieved. These results indicate that the vibrating bioreactor can enhance gas–liquid mass transfer while mitigate shear damage, demonstrating its potential for the cultivation of shear-sensitive cells.关键词：vibration;bioreactors;gas-liquid flow;mass transfer;shear stress7|0|0更新时间：2026-10-12
- 摘要：Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) was used as a phase change material (PCM), and the effects of different nucleating agents and thickeners on its supercooling and phase separation characteristics were investigated. The step-cooling curves, SEM-EDS, XRD, and rheological measurements were employed to analyze the mechanisms by which the nucleating agent mitigated supercooling and the thickener suppressed phase separation. A composite PCM consisting of 96% SAT, 3% disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) as the nucleating agent, and 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) as the thickener was consequently determined. Long-term melting-solidification cycling tests were conducted to investigate the evolution of latent heat and supercooling with increasing cycle number. An empirical kinetic model based on a first-order decay function was established to predict the cycling stability of the latent heat. After 2000 experimental cycles, the latent heat of the composite PCM decreased from an initial value of 268.6 to 249.6 kJ/kg, corresponding to a reduction of 7.1%, while the supercooling increased from 8.1 to 17.4 °C. The model predicted that the latent heat would decrease to 248.1 kJ/kg after 5000 cycles. Subsequently, the composite PCM was incorporated into a latent thermal energy storage unit, and a full-scale numerical model was established to investigate its heat-release characteristics under different heat-transfer structures and operating conditions. Thermal resistance analysis showed that the total thermal resistance of the storage unit was dominated by the PCM-side thermal resistance, and that increasing the heat transfer tube diameter within the investigated range reduced the total thermal resistance. Increasing the heat-transfer fluid flow rate favored short duration and high power heat release, while an appropriate increase in the inlet temperature improved the heat-release efficiency. These results provide a theoretical basis for the long-term stable application of SAT-based composite PCMs and the enhancement of their heat-release process.关键词：latent thermal energy storage;sodium acetate trihydrate;thermal reliability;heat-release performance16|1|0更新时间：2026-10-12
- 摘要：With the increasing pollution of oily wastewater, developing efficient and sustainable oil-water separation materials is urgent, and cellulose aerogels are promising candidates but suffer from inherent defects. A super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic ZIF-8@lignin/cellulose aerogel(ZIF-8@LCA)was prepared via a sol-gel method. Specifically, alkali lignin was introduced into cellulose matrix, and ZIF-8 was in-situ synthesized on the gel matrix. Lignin not only significantly improved the mechanical properties of cellulose aerogel but also provided abundant active sites for the in-situ growth of ZIF-8. The results showed that ZIF-8@LCA had a 3D hierarchical porous network with a rough surface, and its compression modulus reached 0.915 MPa, providing good mechanical support for cyclic use. After 10 oil-water separation cycles, the separation flux remained stably above 12000 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, with separation efficiency all over 99.9%. This paper provides a feasible strategy for the development of sustainable oil-water separation materials.关键词：lignin;ZIF-8;cellulose;aerogel;oil-water separation;super-hydrophilic4|0|0更新时间：2026-10-12
- 摘要：Coal gangue, with an annual output exceeding 800 million tons and a low comprehensive utilization rate, poses a substantial environmental burden in China. It contains 15~40 wt% Al2O3 and is associated with critical metals such as lithium, gallium, rare earth elements, and uranium, making it a potential aluminum resource. However, its current utilization remains largely limited to aluminum extraction or construction material production, leaving associated metals and siliceous component largely untapped. From the perspective of cascaded resource utilization of Al, critical metals and Si, this review systematically summarizes the research progress on acid leaching of aluminum from coal gangue, the co-extraction of associated metals, and the high-value utilization of siliceous component, with a technical route of "crystal structure destruction-elemental release-material reconstruction". Firstly, based on mineralogical characteristics, kaolinite is demonstrated as the dominant aluminum-bearing mineral, and the occurrence state of aluminum dictates the necessity of activation. Then, the effects of thermal activation (600~850 °C), chemical activation (additives such as NaF and Na2CO3), and mechanical activation on aluminum leaching efficiency are analyzed. The leaching process follows the unreacted shrinking core model, with the constant-particle-size case predominating and the rate controlled by combined internal diffusion and chemical reaction. The co-leaching behavior of aluminum with lithium, gallium, rare earth elements, and uranium, as well as selective extraction strategies based on differences in leaching kinetics, are discussed in detail. Finally, the utilization of siliceous component for ZSM-5 zeolites, porous ceramics, and geopolymer adsorbents is systematically summarized. Notably, high-purity alumina (≥99.99%) and mesoporous alumina are identified as the promising research directions. Shifting the utilization of coal gangue from single-component aluminum extraction to cascaded resource recovery—thereby fully realizing the value of its aluminum, critical metals, and silicon components—represents a key pathway to improving the overall utilization efficiency of this solid waste.关键词：coal gangue;alumina;acid leaching;critical metals;synergistic extraction;resource utilization20|0|0更新时间：2026-10-12
- Postal code：100011
- Tel：010-64519466 Email：hgjz@cip.com.cn
- Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备12046843号-2
京公网安备11010102001994号 - It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
- Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
0