最新刊期
- 摘要：The macroscopic performance of polymers is determined not only by their chemical composition and molecular weight but also profoundly influenced by the spatial topology of their molecular chains. Precisely regulating the topological structure of molecular chains to achieve breakthroughs in material properties has become a cutting-edge research direction in the field of polymer science. This article systematically reviewed the research progress and application potential of four types of polymer topologies: comb, star, dendritic and ladder polymers. It focused on the geometric characteristics of different topologies and their effects on molecular chain entanglement behavior, crystallization ability and relaxation mechanisms. The review summarized the technical advantages and application scenarios of core synthesis strategies, including the macromonomer method, grafting-onto method, grafting-from method, core-first method and divergent method, as well as how each topology imparted unique rheological, mechanical and functional properties to materials. On this basis, the major bottlenecks in topological polymers, such as synthetic precision, structural defect control and scalable preparation, were identified. Future development directions in precision synthesis, functional design and industrial application were proposed, aiming to advance the development of high-performance polymer materials and the innovation of processing technologies.关键词：polymer topology;comb-shaped polymers;star-shaped polymers;dendritic polymers;ladder polymers4|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：Due to the bottlenecks in the localization of domestic specialty chemicals for electronic electroplating, this paper systematically compared the influence rules of sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamylpropyl sulfonate (DPS) and bis-(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS) on the electrodeposition performance of copper for through-hole interconnections in electroplating systems containing different concentrations of Janus Green B (JGB). Firstly, systematic electrochemical measurements were performed to evaluate the influences of SPS and DPS on the electrochemical characteristics of plating solutions containing JGB at concentrations of 1 mg/L, 6 mg/L and 12 mg/L. Furthermore, surface characterization techniques, comprising visual inspection, grain growth analysis and roughness testing, revealed that at a JGB concentration of 1 mg/L, the plating bath with DPS produced markedly brighter copper layers compared with the SPS-added bath. In addition, the cross-section preparation combined with metallographic microscopy was employed to characterize the filling performance of through holes. The results clearly showed that the DPS-accelerated solution outperformed the SPS-accelerated one in through-hole filling and brightness of copper coating when the aspect ratio was 1.2:1 and the concentration of 1 mg/L. In summary, optimal overall through-hole plating uniformity and copper deposit performance were achieved when DPS served as the accelerator and the JGB concentration was maintained at 1 mg/L.关键词：additive;through-hole filling;electrochemical performance;electrodeposition1|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：A high-performance thixotropic gel system based on modified hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) was developed. Key preparation parameters including the type and concentration of thickeners, crosslinkers and thixotropic agents as well as gelation temperature and dispersion method were systematically optimized, yielding the following optimal formulation: 0.15% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM, 10⁷ Da) + 0.2% urotropine + 0.1% oxalic acid + 0.01% resorcinol + 0.1% hydrogenated castor oil + 0.1% emulsifier OP-10 cured at 6 °C for 24 hours. Characterization via infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and viscoelastic testing revealed that HCO and APAM formed a reversible physical crosslinking network through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. This network acted synergistically with the primary chemical crosslinking network constructed from urotropine and resorcinol. Rheological measurements confirmed that the gel exhibited excellent shear-thinning behavior and rapid self-recovery. When the shear rate increased from 1 s-1 to 1000 s-1, the viscosity approached zero and the viscosity recovered instantaneously after shearing at 100 s-1. Even under extreme shearing at 5000 s-1, the recovery rate exceeded 90% within 30 seconds. After five cyclic shear tests, the viscosity retention rate was nearly 100% and the thixotropic loop area approached zero. Dual-parallel core flooding experiments demonstrated that after injecting 6 pore volumes of gel, the flow diversion ratio in the matrix core increased from 5% to 35%. Across permeability contrasts ranging from 2 to 10, the diversion ratio in low-permeability cores consistently exceeded 58%, verifying that the gel effectively blocks high-permeability channels and redirects fluid flow. This system was the first to introduce hydrogenated castor oil into the water-based base gel system, constructing a dual-network structure with both chemical crosslinking and hydrogen-bonded physical crosslinking. It achieved rapid and reversible self-repair under extreme shear conditions, providing a new technical approach for deep stimulation of fractured highly heterogeneous reservoirs.关键词：gels;rheology;porous media;thixotropy;heterogeneous reservoir;profile modification2|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：In view of the single blockage material in oil-based drilling fluid, the poor dimensional matching ability of conventional blockage materials and the low oil absorption expansion ratio of existing materials and low strength, Oil-based Drilling Fluid Oil-absorbing Expanding Polymer Plugging Agent was synthesized by a two-step method. First, a crosslinking monomer was prepared from materials such as 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl cyclohexane and 3-isopropenyl-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, and an oil-absorbing expanding polymer plugging agent for oil-based drilling fluids was prepared from materials such as 2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-phenylethyl ester, perfluorooctyl thacrylate and crosslinking monomers etc. The oil-absorbing expanding plugging agent had good resistance to high temperature. Its original particle size was mainly concentrated around 50~250 μm, and it can expand more than 7 times in white oil/diesel at 120 ℃ and more than 4 times at 140 ℃ with good oil absorption expansion performance. It had significant sealing effect on micro-cracks with opening size of 20~60 μm with a filtrate loss reduction rate of more than 95% under a pressure difference of 3.5 MPa,. The oil-absorbing expanding plugging agent can be used together with other bridging particles to form a sealing plug layer through the mechanisms of filling accumulation, oil absorption expansion and elastic deformation in the leakage channel of fractures. The agent was tested in a shale gas well and the plugging was successful in one operation, which can meet the requirements of safe, fast and efficient drilling of shale oil and gas/tight oil and gas horizontal wells.关键词：lost circulation;oil-based drilling fluid;high temperature;oil-absorbing expanding;sealing and plugging;pressure resistance2|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：To meet the grouting reinforcement requirements of deep surrounding rock characterized by slight weathering and well-developed fractures, an inorganic ultrafine cement-based grouting reinforcement material (USCG) with high fluidity, rapid setting and enhanced toughness was developed using ultrafine Portland cement as the matrix together with a superplasticizer, expansive agent and sodium aluminate accelerator (NA). The evolution of the physical properties, mechanical strength, microstructure and grouting reinforcement performance of USCG with different NA dosages was investigated through macro- and micro-scale characterization, Pearson correlation analysis and coal gangue aggregate cementation tests. The results showed that NA incorporation effectively shortened the setting time of USCG by 34.58%–64.85% and increased slurry fluidity by 7.87%–28.61%. The mechanical performance of USCG first improved and then decreased with increasing NA dosage. At an NA dosage of 3%, although the 28 d compressive strength of the hardened grout decreased slightly, the 3 d compressive and flexural strengths increased by 14.97% and 108.19%, respectively, while the 28 d flexural strength increased by 81.32%, indicating marked improvements in early strength and toughness. XRD, FTIR, SEM and TG analyses indicated that an appropriate NA dosage promoted cement hydration and the formation of C–S–H gel and ettringite. In the grouting reinforcement test, USCG modified with 3% NA effectively regulated crack development and distribution in coal gangue cemented specimens during loading, increasing the peak stress by 27.2% and improving the overall load-bearing performance. This superior performance was mainly attributed to the triple synergistic coupling of hydration evolution, microstructural densification and interfacial strengthening in ultrafine cement under the combined regulation of NA and multiple admixtures.关键词：accelerator;portland cement;mechanical properties;grouting material;coal gangue cementation2|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：Nitramine-based explosives possess advantages of high energy density and high detonation velocity. However, their high mechanical sensitivity, insufficient interfacial dehumidification and thermal stability severely restrict their wide application in insensitive ammunition. Surface coating is the core technical path for achieving high-energy insensitive materials. This paper systematically reviewed various physical coating methods such as solvent evaporation, solvent-non-solvent, water suspension, spray drying, spray crystallization, electrostatic spray, atomic layer deposition (ALD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), mechanical mixing, interfacial self-assembly and freeze-drying, as well as chemical coating methods such as in-situ polymerization, emulsion polymerization, surface grafting and sol-gel. The paper elaborated on the process principles and desensitization mechanisms of each technology from the perspectives of interfacial bonding mechanism and microstructure characteristics of the coating layer. The results showed that physical coating relied on van der Waals forces or mechanical interlocking to form a micrometer-scale shell layer, achieving significant desensitization effects with a 50% to 390% increase in impact sensitivity characteristic height (H50), and energy loss can be controlled within 5%. However, it had limitations such as weak interfacial bonding force and easy shell shedding during long-term storage. Chemical coating achieved "molecular-level anchoring" at the interface through covalent bonds, which can precisely control the thickness of the coating layer to the nanometer scale. It had significant advantages in improving the mechanical properties (up to 10 times increase in tensile strength) and thermal stability (delaying the phase transition temperature by 10 to 20 ℃) of the composite material, effectively solving the interface failure problem in high-overload environments. The analysis indicated that the elastic modulus and energy dissipation capacity of the coating layer, rather than the type of coating method, were the key variables determining the success or failure of desensitization. Based on this, a "soft-hard matching" universal principle across technologies was extracted. On this basis, technical selection strategies were proposed for different application scenarios. The water suspension method was recommended for low-cost mass production, spray drying was for high sphericality and flowability control, ALD was for nanometer-scale precise coating, and the chemical bonding strategy was for high-overload and long-term storage scenarios. Finally, two technical challenges of quantitative characterization of coating layer integrity and green solvent substitution were pointed out, and the development directions of physical-chemical co-coating and rational design of microstructure were prospected.关键词：surface;interface;composites;nitramine explosives;desensitization2|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：Cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) are constructed through the coordination assembly of natural cyclodextrins as organic ligands with metal ions. Owing to their host–guest recognition ability, good biocompatibility and structural tunability, CD-MOFs show considerable potential for the adsorption, enrichment and catalytic transformation of pollutants in water. However, their frameworks generally rely on relatively weak coordination interactions between alkali metal ions and hydroxyl groups, making them prone to dissolution or structural collapse in aqueous environments, which limits their direct application in water treatment. To address this issue, this review systematically summarized the structural characteristics of cyclodextrins and their influence on the construction of CD-MOFs. It also compared the characteristics of different synthesis methods including vapor diffusion, solvothermal/hydrothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis and ultrasonic-assisted synthesis. Then it introduced the effects of different modification strategies on improving the water stability of CD-MOFs such as cross-linking modification, surface hydrophobization, in situ regulation and ligand pre-modification. Recent advances in the application of CD-MOFs to the treatment of heavy metals and representative pollutants were also summarized. Existing studies indicated that functional modification and composite construction can improve the water stability and cycling performance of CD-MOFs to some extent, however, most investigations were still based on model pollutants, simulated water samples and laboratory-scale systems. Future research directions, including further enhancement of water stability, green and scalable synthesis, material immobilization and environmental safety assessment, were proposed to promote the practical application of CD-MOFs in water treatment.关键词：cyclodextrin;metal–organic frameworks;modification strategies;water treatment;functional applications3|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：To address the gas–liquid maldistribution among multiple plate channels in brazed plate heat exchangers, an equivalent porous media numerical model was developed based on resistance parameters fitted from a periodic unit. The distribution characteristics of gas phase, liquid phase, and total mass flow rate among different circuits under various mass flow rates were investigated. Furthermore, the variations of local vapor quality and flow maldistribution coefficient were analyzed, and an inlet distributor was introduced to improve flow uniformity. The effects of distributor orifice diameter on two-phase flow distribution and pressure drop characteristics were further evaluated. The results show that, under single-phase conditions, increasing the inlet volumetric flow rate from 4 to 16 L/min increases the flow maldistribution coefficient from 1.44% to 3.09%. Under two-phase conditions, the gas–liquid flow maldistribution is jointly affected by header pressure variation and phase dynamic differences. The maximum total flow maldistribution coefficients of the three circuits reach 20.70%, 18.70%, and 13.26%, respectively, with liquid-phase maldistribution identified as the dominant contributor. After introducing the inlet distributor, within the representative operating condition and orifice-diameter range investigated in this study, the d = 2.0 mm configuration exhibits relatively favorable overall flow-distribution performance, reducing the total-flow maldistribution coefficients of the three passes by 65.37%, 71.02%, and 66.72%, respectively, while increasing the pressure drop from 11,549 Pa to 12,536 Pa.关键词：plate heat exchanger;flow uniformity;two-phase flow;porous medium;numerical simulation;pressure drop4|0|0更新时间：2026-08-23
- 摘要：Dynamic characteristics of droplets under the coupling effect of electric field and shear flow field have significant application value in industrial fields such as petroleum demulsification and dehydration, and microfluidics. In view of this, a coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) interface tracking method was established based on the open-source OpenFOAM platform, and the leaky dielectric model and adaptive mesh technology were introduced to realize the three-dimensional numerical simulation of free interfaces under the coupling effect of multi-physical fields. The effects of shear flow field, electric field, viscosity and other factors on the dynamic characteristics of droplets were investigated, and the spatiotemporal distributions of information including electric field, flow field, electric charge, electric field force and surface tension were analyzed. It was found that the intervention of electric field force broke the steady-state equilibrium of droplets in the pure shear flow field and significantly reduced the critical capillary number for droplet breakup. When the capillary number was Ca=0.2 and the electric capillary number was CaE =0.3, the droplet stretch ratio exceeded 5 at approximately 0.17 s, followed by droplet breakup. When the continuous-phase viscosity decreased from 1.04 to 0.104 Pa⋅s, the droplet breakup time was reduced from 0.73 to 0.075 s. Under the coupling effect of the two fields, the polarized charges of droplets converge in the tip region, and the local Maxwell stress surged and replaced the shear force to become the core driving force for deformation. Under different working conditions, droplets exhibited different breakup modes: one was that the droplet deformed into a spindle shape and underwent tip-jet breakup; the other was that the droplet deformed into a dumbbell shape and broke at both ends to form two larger daughter droplets. The decrease in the viscosity of the continuous phase reduced the viscous resistance and shortened the time for droplets from initial stretching to final breakup. These findings provide a theoretical basis for predicting droplet dynamics under coupled electric and flow fields and for optimizing the design of related separation and microfluidic devices.关键词：electric field;shear flow field;droplet;interfacial tension;hydrodynamics;numerical simulation3|0|0更新时间：2026-08-20
- 摘要：Frequent foaming in amine absorption towers during waste-oil recycling seriously affects the stable and safe operation of refining units. To achieve accurate soft sensing of foam height under strong inertia, nonlinear disturbances, and defoamer degradation, this study proposed a hybrid model driven by physical-anchor residual learning. Instead of directly predicting the absolute foam height, the previous foam height was introduced as a physical anchor, and the network was trained to learn the residual increment caused by gas-flow fluctuation, impurity accumulation, and defoamer attenuation. This design reduced the dominance of strong autoregressive trends and alleviated over-smoothing and time-delay problems in dynamic prediction. The proposed framework integrated a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network, an adaptive attention mechanism, and a Dual-Extreme Loss function. The TCN module extracted and decoupled multi-scale features from noisy process variables, while BiLSTM captured long-term dynamic dependencies related to defoamer degradation. The attention mechanism enhanced the response to abrupt operating changes, and the Dual-Extreme Loss strengthened prediction accuracy in both high-risk high-foam regions and low-foam defoaming regions. Tests on foaming-kinetics simulation data showed that the proposed residual TCN-BiLSTM-Attention model achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9456 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 2.760, reducing MSE by 19.5% compared with the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) baseline. Ablation experiments demonstrated that the physical-anchor residual paradigm introduced a strong inductive bias, suppressed overfitting in limited-sample conditions, and enabled the deep network to focus on disturbance-induced increments. The proposed method provides an interpretable and reliable intelligent strategy for foam prediction, early warning, and safety-oriented control in amine absorption towers.关键词：amine absorption tower;foam height prediction;physical anchor residual;neural networks;dynamic modeling;attention mechanism;algorithm4|0|0更新时间：2026-08-20
- 摘要：To further enhance the operational performance of downhole pumps in oil wells under intermittent pumping conditions and to mitigate the adverse effects of high gas content on the artificial lift system, a novel downhole gas-liquid cyclone-gravity co-operative separator was proposed based on intermittent synergistic mechanism of cyclonic separation and gravitational sedimentation. Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the gas–liquid ratio, stroke length, and pumping speed on the separator performance. An evaluation method for separation efficiency suitable for intermittent operating conditions was established. The flow field distribution characteristics and the variation patterns of separation performance of the downhole gas-liquid cyclone-gravity co-operative separator under different operational parameters were determined. The results indicated that the flow field within a single stroke exhibited a periodic characteristic, dominated by cyclonic separation during the upstroke and gravitational sedimentation during the down stroke. An increase in the gas-liquid ratio significantly reduced the separation efficiency, while increases in stroke length and stroke frequency caused the separation efficiency to initially rise and then gradually stabilize. The optimal operating conditions were a stroke length of 2.7 m, a stroke frequency of 8 min-1, and a gas-liquid ratio of 50∶1, under which the numerical simulation indicated a maximum separation efficiency of 96.4%. The average error between the numerical simulation and the experimental results was 1.99%, indicating a high level of agreement. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of gas-liquid separation equipment intended for down hole intermittent operating conditions.关键词：gas-liquid separation;intermittent operating conditions;spiral-gravity coupling;flow field characteristics;parameter optimization10|1|0更新时间：2026-08-19
- 摘要：Methyl chloroacetate (MCA) is a key intermediate in pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Traditional batch distillation processes suffer from low recovery (ca. 70%), thermal decomposition losses accounting for 5–8% of the feed MCA mass, high entrainment loss in lights cut, and long cycle time (26 h). This study introduced an enhanced batch distillation process based on liquid-liquid phase separation: complete front fraction extraction combined with oil-phase reflux. Utilizing the immiscibility and density difference of the MCA/water system, the condensate of lights cut was settled for phase separation: the bottom MCA-rich ester phase was returned to the distillation column while the top aqueous phase is discharged. Using the NRTL property model, Aspen Plus was employed to rigorously simulate conventional processes, full-production-without-reuse processes, and novel processes, with model reliability validated by experimental facility operational data. The results demonstrated that the new process achieved an MCA purity of 99.52%, reduced the distillation cycle to 10.2 h (a 61% reduction), increased the overall recovery rate to 95.1%, and lowered energy consumption per unit product to 192.6 kW·h/t. This process requires no introduction of a third component and solely utilizes the inherent phase behavior of the system, offering valuable reference for enhancing the distillation processes of similar thermosensitive ester/hydrated systems.关键词：methyl chloroacetate;batch-type;liquid-liquid phase separation;process intensification;heat-sensitive material;simulation6|0|0更新时间：2026-08-18
- 摘要：Chemical data exhibit characteristics such as multi-source heterogeneity, wide spatiotemporal scales and reliance on specialized symbolic systems, making general-purpose large language models difficult to directly adapt. This paper systematically reviewed the latest research progress and challenges in adapting large models to the chemical industry from three perspectives: static knowledge extraction, dynamic data processing and the synergistic fusion of static knowledge and dynamic data. Knowledge graph expansion, knowledge base combined with large models and retrieval-augmented generation had become three major pathways for dynamic data processing and the fusion of static knowledge with dynamic data. However, the common shortcoming of these three pathways was the lack of a unified mathematical framework capable of simultaneously handling dynamic temporal numerical computation and static knowledge graph structures. The core challenges lied in cross-scale semantic alignment, the trade-off between real-time performance and deep reasoning, and the absence of physical consistency verification. Future efforts should focus on developing a physics-graph-driven graph–temporal joint representation theory, constructing a hierarchical decision-making architecture based on time-scale decoupling, and establishing a chemical-specific evaluation benchmark grounded in physical conservation laws.关键词：artificial intelligence;large language models;chemical industry;multimodal data fusion;knowledge graph;industrialization pathway3|0|0更新时间：2026-08-17
- 摘要：CO2 catalytic hydrogenation to methanol is a key technology for "liquid sunlight" energy storage and chemical decarbonization, but copper-based catalysts face challenges such as thermal sintering, reverse water gas shift side reactions, and water-induced deactivation. This article systematically reviews research progress on copper-based catalysts modified with five rare earth elements-La, Ce, Y, Nd, and Pr-from four dimensions: geometric structure, electronic effects, interface defects, and surface acidity. It summarizes the distribution of rare earth resources, characteristics of their preparation processes, and the modification properties of each rare earth elements. Rare earths enhance CO2 activation and methanol selectivity by regulating copper dispersion and particle size, modulating Cu+/Cu0 valence states, constructing oxygen vacancy interfaces, and optimizing basic sites. However, existing research still faces issues such as volatile rare earth prices, insufficient precision control in preparation, unclear long-term migration and loss patterns, and a lack of green recycling technologies. Therefore, this article proposes developing a "predictive-experimental" closed-loop screening system integrating machine learning and high-throughput computing; designing catalysts with dynamic response and start-stop tolerance for green hydrogen coupling scenarios; and exploring non-destructive direct regeneration and full life cycle assessment technologies. It clarifies the modification dimensions dominated by different rare earths due to differences in electronic configuration and ionic radius (La for strong basic sites, Ce for reversible redox, Y for interface modification, Nd for lattice distortion, and Pr for both reversible redox and good electrical conductivity), providing a theoretical basis for rationally designing efficient and stable industrial catalysts.关键词：CO2 hydrogenation;copper-based catalyst;rare earth modification;methanol;stability;liquid sunlight7|2|0更新时间：2026-08-17
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Prediction of PEMFC degradation state combining degradation mechanism and machine learning algorithm AI导读
摘要：Accurately predicting the real-time aging of internal materials in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) is crucial for targeted optimization of fuel cell material design and enhancing lifespan. To address this issue, a new method for high-precision and rapid prediction of the degradation state of key materials in PEMFC has been proposed. Fully considering the aging mechanisms of core components (carbon support, ionomer, and platinum catalyst) of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), we obtain a series of PEMFC aging simulation data within a range of common operating conditions and material properties through simulation calculations. A dataset of aging characteristics is constructed, and it is found that the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) exhibits optimal adaptability in predicting the aging characteristics of various materials. The Coefficient of Determination (R2) for carbon corrosion rate, sulfonic acid group concentration, and platinum particle surface area density reaches 98.313%, 98.407%, and 99.841%, respectively. To further enhance the prediction accuracy and stability of the model, the BPNN is optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the R2 for carbon corrosion rate, sulfonic acid group concentration, and platinum surface area density increases by 1.33%, 1.22%, and 0.02%, respectively. The optimization effect is mainly reflected in the improvement of prediction error dimensions. For example, in the prediction of carbon corrosion rate, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Mean Bias Error (MBE) decrease by 65.3%, 44.38%, 33.49%, and 48.02%, respectively. Through sensitivity analysis of input features, it is found that different operating conditions and material parameters contribute differently to the aging of different components; apart from the influence of the open time as a special parameter, voltage is the most sensitive parameter to component aging. Furthermore, the interaction between parameters is strongest during the degradation of ionomer, while the mutual influence during platinum aging is relatively weakest. Combining the PEMFC degradation simulation method with the PSO-BPNN hybrid model enables high-precision and rapid prediction of the degradation state of key materials in fuel cells, providing new ideas and efficient technical means for identifying the main influencing factors of degradation and directional optimization of performance enhancement strategies.关键词：PEMFC;MEA;machine learning;degradation;prediction11|0|0更新时间：2026-08-17 - 摘要：Gas-solid two-phase flows are ubiquitous in energy, chemical, and metallurgical processes, and the two-fluid model (TFM) is a widely adopted approach for simulating gas-solid flow reactors. However, the simulation fidelity of TFM depends critically on the quality of the constitutive closures, particularly those for the particulate-phase stress, interphase momentum exchange, and interphase heat/mass transfer and reaction kinetics. Coarse-grid simulations are hampered by the challenge of correcting for mesoscale heterogeneous-structure effects, whereas high-resolution simulations are constrained by prohibitive computational overheads. Addressing these bottlenecks, this review follows a "closure–mesoscale correction–acceleration" thread to systematically survey recent advances in three aspects: closure theories, meso-scale correction models, and computational acceleration strategies. At the closure level, the fundamental frameworks and progressive refinements of the kinetic theory of granular flow, gas-solid drag models, and heat/mass transfer and reaction closures are outlined. At the correction level, two representative meso-scale modeling paradigms—the energy-minimization multi-scale (EMMS) model and the filtered two-fluid model (fTFM)—are compared and critically reviewed in terms of their core concepts, model extensions, and typical applications to the correction of drag, heat transfer, and reaction. At the acceleration level, efficient solving strategies centered on reduced-order models and high-performance computing are summarized. On this basis, future research directions are prospected, aiming to provide a reference for advancing gas-solid TFM from fundamental research toward full-life-cycle industrial application.关键词：gas-solid two-phase flow;filtered two-fluid model;EMMS;mesoscale correction;accelerated computation10|0|0更新时间：2026-08-17
- 摘要：Polyamide (PA) composite membranes are widely used in nanofiltration processes due to their high separation performance, but their development is still constrained by the 'flux–selectivity' trade-off. Among them, the relatively large mass transfer resistance of conventional sub-100nanometer PA selective layers is an important factor affecting membrane flux improvement. In recent years, constructing sub-20nm ultra-thin PA layers has been considered an effective way to improve the performance of nanofiltration membranes. However, during the interfacial polymerization process, there exists a complex coupling between monomer diffusion, interfacial reactions and membrane layer growth. After the membrane layer is thinned, defects such as pinholes and microcracks are easily formed, making it difficult to achieve both ultra-thin structure and high selectivity simultaneously. This paper focused on the diffusion–reaction behavior in interfacial polymerization, introduced the self-limiting growth mechanism of PA layers and methods for controlling their thickness, summarized strategies for constructing ultra-thin PA membranes including manipulation of diffusion, interface engineering, kinetics and nanoscale confinement, and reviewed research progress on defect formation and regulation. In addition, combined with continuous fabrication techniques such as roll-to-roll and slot-die coating, the application potential of ultra-thin PA membranes in fields such as lithium extraction from salt lakes and wastewater resource recovery was discussed. Finally, the paper analyzed the current issues in ultra-thin PA membranes regarding membrane formation mechanisms, defect suppression and high-performance synergistic regulation, and envisioned the development directions of in situ characterization, multi-scale simulation and artificial intelligence-assisted membrane design.关键词：polyamide membrane;ultrathin nanofiltration membranes;interfacial polymerization;AI-driven;defect suppression10|0|0更新时间：2026-08-14
- 摘要：The thermally regenerative CO2-induced pH-gradient battery (TRB), capable of simultaneously recovering low-grade thermal energy, capturing/storing carbon and generating electricity, holds significant promise for treating low-temperature flue gas. To address the challenges of restricted electrode reaction interfaces and low power density, this paper reported the construction of a MnO2@MXene composite electrode utilizing MXene (Ti3C2Tx) as a highly conductive support with a large specific surface area. Characterization results demonstrated the uniform loading of MnO2 onto the layered MXene structure. Compared to cells employing a conventional MnO2 electrode, the composite electrode exhibited substantially enhanced electrical conductivity and electrochemical active surface area. Consequently, the peak power density of the battery was increased by 25.0% reaching 0.65 W/m2. To further improve power generation performance, the influences of electrode loading mass and operating temperature were systematically investigated. The battery performance first increased and then decreased with increasing loading mass, identifying an optimal MnO2@MXene loading of 4.4 mg/cm2, which yielded a peak power density of 0.68 W/m2. Operating temperature showed a pronounced effect on performance that elevating the temperature within a certain range continuously enhanced battery output. At 80 ℃, the maximum peak power density attained 1.16 W/m2. This study validated the feasibility of employing MXene-based composite electrodes and provided theoretical guidance for the design and operation of thermally regenerative battery.关键词：thermally regenerative battery;MXene based composite electrode;electrical output performance;capacity;temperature5|0|0更新时间：2026-08-14
- 摘要：Al2O3 fibers, classified as high-performance ceramic fibers, possess outstanding properties and are widely utilized in aerospace, military equipment and automotive manufacturing. As the "parent material," the precursor of Al2O3 fibers plays a pivotal role in determining the ultimate fiber performance. This article analyzed and compared various technologies for preparing Al2O3 fiber precursors, focusing on the reaction mechanism of the sol-gel method. Based on five major raw material systems including inorganic aluminum salts and organic aluminum alkoxides, this study summarized the effects of raw material systems, doping components and processing conditions on the performance of precursors and fibers. This paper identified the technical bottlenecks in fabricating Al₂O₃ fibers via the sol–gel method, proposed prospective routes for green preparation technologies and outlined future research and development directions. The directions included accelerating the development of controllable precursor preparation technologies supported by intelligent reaction equipment, establishing quantitative correlations among additives, process parameters and fiber properties together with reverse design methodologies, and constructing a green preparation technology system characterized by low cost, low energy consumption and short processes.关键词：alumina fiber;precursor;reaction mechanism;sol-gel method12|0|0更新时间：2026-08-12
- 摘要：Shale oil wells are generally characterized by high clay mineral content, well-developed bedding and microfractures, fine pore structure and strong heterogeneity. During drilling operations, complex problems such as filtrate invasion, pressure transmission, hydration and dispersion, borehole collapse and lost circulation are prone to occur. As key working fluids for maintaining wellbore safety and ensuring efficient drilling, the capabilities of drilling fluids in lost circulation prevention, borehole collapse prevention and wellbore strengthening directly affect the high-quality wellbore construction and development efficiency of shale oil wells. This paper focused on the research progress of wellbore strengthening drilling fluids for lost circulation and collapse prevention in shale oil wells. It reviewed theoretical advances in physical-mechanical plugging, chemical inhibition and film-forming wellbore stabilization, micro-nano plugging and intelligent response and dynamic strengthening. The development of key additives and functional materials was summarized, and the engineering application characteristics of water-based, synthetic-based/oil-based, and integrated lost circulation and collapse prevention systems were analyzed. The results showed that existing technologies had evolved from single inhibition or plugging to the synergistic development of strong inhibition, strong plugging, low fluid loss, lubrication and drag reduction and environmental friendliness. However, deficiencies still existed in the long-term stability of materials under deep high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions, the compatibility of multi-functional systems and the matching between laboratory evaluation and field working conditions. Future research should strengthen the study of multi-field coupling mechanisms, intelligent response materials, green additives and field closed-loop evaluation to promote the development of wellbore strengthening drilling fluids towards precision, systematization and greenization.关键词：shale oil wells;drilling fluids;wellbore stability;lost circulation and borehole collapse prevention;wellbore strengthening;micro-nano plugging;intelligent response materials11|0|0更新时间：2026-08-12
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